Unit 2.3

Question 1

What are the four types of organic molecules?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Lipids, proteins, Nucleic Acids.

Question 2

What is the backbone of all organic molecules?

Answer 2

Carbon.

Question 3

What is a macromolecule?

Answer 3

Large organic molecules.

Question 4

What is a biomolecule?

Answer 4

Organic molecules found in living organisms, can be large and small.

Question 5

What are polymers?

Answer 5

Large organic molecules made from smaller subunits(monomers).

Question 6

What are the 6 different types of function groups in organic molecules? Draw structure form.

Answer 6

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Sulfhydryl, and Phosphate.
OH-, CO, CO2H-, NH2, SH, PO4

Question 7

Name the two function groups that are polar.

Answer 7

Hydroxyl, Carbonyl.

Question 8

Wht type of reaction is used to break down macromolecules?

Answer 8

Hydrololysis reaction aka adding H20 to a chemical reaction.

Question 9

Waht are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

Monosaccharides, Glucose and Frutose
Disaccharides, lactose and sucrose.
Polysaccharides, starch and cellulose.

Question 10

What is the function of glucose?

Answer 10

Glucose and oxygen creates ATP

Question 11

What is the function of Frutose?

Answer 11

Can be converted to glucose and used as an energy source.

Question 12

Under what type of carb is a ribosome?

Answer 12

Monosaccharides, main function of ribose is part of the RNA strand and ATP. Deoxyribose part of the DNA nucleiotides.

Question 13

What type of reaction links subunits?

Answer 13

Dehydration synthesis.

Question 14

What’s the difference between each carbohydrates?

Answer 14

Mono is a single disaccharides are double or more, polysaccharides are triple or more subunits .

Question 15

What are the functions of the polysaccharides, starch and cellulose?

Answer 15

Starch, found in plants is good sources of energy.
Cellulose, found in plants are good for gut health as they add fiber in our diet, because of structure our enzymes cannot brek down this fiber.

Question 16

What are the three types of lipids?

Answer 16

Triglycerides, phosolipids, and steroids.

Question 17

What is the fat and oil lipids?

Answer 17

Triglycerides, there are two types of fat. Saturted (no double covalent bond) and unsaturated fats ( double covalent bonds) both structures have two types of subunits an tails(chains). Glycerol and fatty acids.

Question 18

An example of triglycerides?

Answer 18

Canola oil or butter.

Question 19

What are trans fats?

Answer 19

A type of fattybacid found in fried foods, Most bacteria does not like or cannot digest this food so it stays good for longer. Your body cannot digest it either.

Question 20

What is a phosolipids?

Answer 20

Usual function is to create cell membranes. It’s structure is comprised of a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail. (oil\fat is non polar)

Question 21

What are sterols and an example of such.

Answer 21

Testosterone and cholesterol. They are sex harmones.

Question 22

What are proteins made out of?

Answer 22

Amino acids.

Question 23

Between what two elements in a protein structure creates a peptide bond.

Answer 23

C an N

Question 24

How many amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 24

20

Question 25

How do you create a peptide bond?

Answer 25

Through dehydration synthesis and the binding of C and N.

Question 26

What is primary structure of a protein?

Answer 26

A polypeptide. Which is created by amino acids.

Question 27

What is the secondary structure of proteins?

Answer 27

Alpha helix and beta pleated sheets. THis works by hydrogen bonds locally organizing the polypeptide chain into helical and pleated secondary structures.

Question 28

What is the next structure after the secondary structure in the proteins.

Answer 28

Tertiary structure, a long coil stabilized by lond distance interactions pulls the secondary structure into a compact three dimensional shape.

Question 29

What is the quarternary structure?

Answer 29

Some proteins consist of two more polypeptide subunits.

Question 30

What is denature?

Answer 30

When a normal coil structured proteins become in ravelld.

Question 31

Proteins are used as what in our body?

Answer 31

Buffers.

Question 32

What is the difference between dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Answer 32

Hydrolysis is used in chemical reactions where water is used to break down a reaction int separate subunits whereas dehydration synthesis is used when water is removed from subunits to build up or combine the two subunits into one.

Question 33

What is the decider of the function of the proteins?

Answer 33

The 3D structure.

Question 34

What is the decider of 3D structure ?

Answer 34

The amino acid.

Question 35

When does the polypeptide become a protein?

Answer 35

Once the polypeptides conjoin to make a 3D structure.

Question 36

What are the four types of bond in a protein? What does it bond?

Answer 36

Hydrogen, O-Hions Disulfide bond, S-S Ionic, two charged ions Hydrophobic exclusion, strands fold together(hydrophilic) to protect inside bond(hydrophobic)

Question 37

What is an example of proteins having the wrong "formula" or amino acid?

Answer 37

Sickle cell anemia.

Question 38

What are the two things that cause denature of a protein?

Answer 38

pH balance and temparture.

Question 39

What are the six functions of proteins?

Answer 39

Movement, transportation, buffer, activation\control of other molecules, defense, enzyme.

Question 40

What are the building blocks(monomers) of nucleic acids?

Answer 40

Nucleiotides.

Question 41

What are the three functions of nucleic acids?

Answer 41

DNA, double stranded genetic code. Regulates cell division, regulates metabolism. Gene, the DNA sequence that creates one protein (instructions). RNA, sickle strand weak structure. Involved in protein structure, can function as an enzyme (ribozymes).

Question 42

What is the instruction, copied instructions, ingredients and the mixing bowl in RNA\DNA?

Answer 42

DNA is the instructions mRNA is the copied instructions tRNA is the ingredients (carry amino acid) rRNA is the mixing bowl ( part of the ribosome)

Question 43

How many nitrogenous bases are there in the structure of ATP?

Answer 43

Five.

Question 44

When ATP gets used for energy what changes to the ATP?

Answer 44

It changes from ATP to ADP

Question 45

How many phosphate groups are in ATP?

Answer 45

Three.