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AP Human Geography > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Population Distribution

A

Where people live within a geographic area

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2
Q

Climate

A

Long term patterns of weather in an area that greatly affect population distribution in direct or indirect ways

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3
Q

Temperate Climates

A

Moderates temperatures and adequate rainfall

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4
Q

Landforms

A

Earths physical features

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5
Q

Human Migration

A

When people make a permanent move from one place to another

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6
Q

Population Density

A

Number of people occupying a unit of land

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7
Q

Arithmetic Density

A

Measures the total number of people per unit of land

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8
Q

Physiological Density

A

Total number of people per unit of arable land

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9
Q

Arable Land

A

Lands that can be used to grow crops

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10
Q

Agriculture Density

A

Measures the total number of farmers per unit of arable land

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11
Q

Subsistence Agriculture

A

Farming taking place is providing crops and livestock for only the farmers families and close community

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12
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

Maximum population size an environment can sustain

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13
Q

Dependency Ratio

A

Number of people in a dependent age group (under age 15 or age 65 and older) divided by the number of people in the working-age group (ages 15 to 64), multiplied by 100

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14
Q

Sex Ratio

A

The ratio of males-females in a population

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15
Q

Demographics

A

Data about the structures and characteristics of human population

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16
Q

Fertility

A

Ability to produce children

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17
Q

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A

The number of births in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

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18
Q

Total Fertility Rate(TFR)

A

Average number of children one woman in a given country will have during her childbearing years.

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19
Q

Morality

A

Death

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20
Q

Crude Death Rate(CDR)

A

The number of deaths in a given year per 1000 people in a given population

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21
Q

Infant Mortality Rate(IMR)

A

Number of deaths of children under the age of 1 per 1000 live births

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22
Q

Life Expectancy

A

Average number of years a person is expected to live

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23
Q

Political Pyramids

A

Graphs show age-sex distribution of a population

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24
Q

Rate of Natural Increase(RNI)

A

The difference between the CBR and CDR in a defined group of people

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25
Doubling Time (DT)
number of years in which a population growing at a certain rate will double
26
Urbanization
The growth and development of cities
27
Overpopulation
Exceeds it’s sustainable size
28
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Represents the shift in growth that the world's populations have undergone.
29
Epidemiological Transition Model(ETM)
Describes the changes in fertility, morality, life expectancy, and population age distribution, largely as the result of changes in causes of death.
30
Antinatalist
Policies designed to curb population growth by discouraging citizens from having children
31
Pronatalist
Encourage births and want to increase a population.
32
Land Degradation
long term damage to the soils ability to support life.
33
Circulation
Temporary repetitive movements that recur on a regular basis
34
Emigration
Movement away from a location
35
Immigration
Movement to a location
36
Net Migration
The difference between emigrants and immigrants in a location
37
Gravity Model
A model that predicts interactions with 2 or more places.
38
Push Factor
A negative cause that compels someone to leave a location.
39
Pull Factor
A positive cause that attracts someone to a new location
40
Voluntary Migration
People make the choice to move to a new place
41
Forced Migration
People are compelled to move by economic, political, environmental, or cultural factors
42
Transnational Migration
Immigrants to a new country retain strong cultural, emotional, and financial ties to their country of origin and may regularly return for visits.
43
Internal Migration
Movement within a country’s borders
44
Friction of Distance
A concept that states that the longer the journey is, the more time, effort, and cost it will involve
45
Transhumance
A form of migration practiced by nomads who move herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer and lover elevations during the winter.
46
Chain Migration
Type of migration, in which people move to a location because others from their community have previously migrated there.
47
Step Migration
Series of smaller moves to get to the ultimate destination
48
Intervening Obstacle
An occurrence that holds migrants back
49
Intervening Opportunity
An occurrence that causes migrants to pause their journey by choice
50
Guest Workers
Migrants who travel to a new country as temporary laborers
51
Circular Migration
When migrant workers move back and forth between their country of origin and the destination country they work temporary jobs
52
Refugees
People who are forced to leave their country for fear of persecution or death
53
Internally Displaced Persons
People who have been forced to flee their homes but remain within their country’s borders
54
Interregional Migration
Move from one region of a country to another
55
Intraregional Migration
Movement within one region of the country
56
Quotas
Limit of number of immigrants allowed into the country each year
57
Kinship Links
Networks of relatives and friends
58
Skills Gap
a shortage of people trained in a particular industry
59
Remittances
Money earned by emigrants abroad and sent back to home countries
60
Brain Drain
The loss of trained or educated people to the lure of work in another country
61
Relocation Diffusion
The spread of ideas and culture traits through migration
62
Baby Boom
After a war and once everything is settled down, the birth rate often spikes. Increase in babies will last a few years or many years. Booms are usually associated after wars and sometimes economic abundances.
63
Birth Deficit
The average number of children that could be born to a woman over her lifetime in a given population.
64
Echo
When baby boomers can have babies.
65
Baby Bust
Once boom ends, births are lower for a number of years.
66
Cohort
A population group that's distinguished by a certain characteristic

AP Human Geography (7 decks)

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