Unit 6

Question 1

Urban Area

Answer 1

a city and its surrounding suburbs

Question 2

Metropolitan Area

Answer 2

a city and the surrounding areas that are influenced economically and culturally by the city

Question 3

Urban Sprawl

Answer 3

areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city

Question 4

Edge City

Answer 4

areas of poorly planned, low-density development surrounding a city

Question 5

Boomburb

Answer 5

a suburb that has grown rapidly into a large and sprawling city with more than 100,000 residents

Question 6

Exurb

Answer 6

a typically fast-growing community outside of or on the edge of a metropolitan area where the residents and community are closely connected to the central city and suburbs

Question 7

Infill

Answer 7

redevelopment that identifies and develops vacant parcels of land within previously built areas

Question 8

Rank-size Rule

Answer 8

explanation of size of cities within a country; states the second-largest city will be one-half the size of the largest, the third largest will be one-third the size of the largest, and so on

Question 9

Primate City

Answer 9

the largest city in a country, which far exceeds the next city in population size and importance

Question 10

Central Place Theory

Answer 10

a theory used to describe the spatial relationship between cities and their surrounding communities

Question 11

Threshold

Answer 11

in central place theory, the number of people needed to support a certain good or service

Question 12

Range

Answer 12

in central place theory, the distance that someone is willing to travel for a good or service

Question 13

Megacity

Answer 13

a city with a population of more than 10 million

Question 14

Metacity

Answer 14

a city with a population of more than 20 million

Question 15

World Cities

Answer 15

a city that wields political, cultural, and economic influence on a global scale

Question 16

Concentric Zone Model

Answer 16

a model of urban development depicting a city growing outward from its central business district in a series of concentric rings

Question 17

Sector Model

Answer 17

a model of urban development depicting a city with wedge-shaped sectors and divisions emanating from the central business district, generally along transit routes

Question 18

Multiple Nuclei Model

Answer 18

a model of urban development depicting a city where growth occurs around the progressive integration of multiple nodes, not around one central business district

Question 19

Nodes

Answer 19

the focal point of a functional region

Question 20

Galactic City Model

Answer 20

a model of urban development depicting a city where economic activity has moved from the central business district toward loose coalitions of other urban areas and suburbs; also known as the peripheral model

Question 21

Latin American City Model

Answer 21

a model of urban development depicting a city with with a central business district, concentric rings, a high-end commercial sector, and sections stricken by poverty; also known as the Griffin-Ford model

Question 22

Disamenity Zones

Answer 22

a high-poverty urban area in a disadvantaged location containing steep slopes, flood-prone ground, rail lines, landfills, or industry

Question 23

Squatter Settlements

Answer 23

an informal housing area beset with overcrowding and poverty that features temporary homes often made of wood scraps or metal sheeting

Question 24

African City Model

Answer 24

a model of urban development depicting a city with three central business districts, growing outward in a series of concentric rings

Question 25

Southeast Asian City Model

Answer 25

a model of urban development depicting a city oriented around a port and lacking a formal central business district, growing outward in concentric rings and along multiple nodes

Question 26

Zoning

Answer 26

the process of dividing a city or urban area into zones within which only certain land uses are permitted

Question 27

Ecological Footprint

Answer 27

impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain the use of natural resources

Question 28

Mixed Use Development

Answer 28

a single planned development designed to include multiple uses, such as residential, retail, educational, recreational, industrial, and office spaces

Question 29

Walkability

Answer 29

a measure of how safe, convenient, and efficient it is to walk in an urban environment

Question 30

Transportation Oriented Development

Answer 30

the creation of dense, walkable, pedestrian-oriented, mixed-use communities centered around or located near a transit station

Question 31

Smart Growth Policies

Answer 31

policy implemented to create sustainable communities by placing development in convenient locations and designing it to be more efficient and environmentally responsible

Question 32

Mixed Use Zoning

Answer 32

zoning that permits multiple land uses in the same space or structure

Question 33

Traditional Zoning

Answer 33

zoning that creates separate zones based on land-use type or economic function such as various categories of residential (low-, medium-, or high-density), commercial, or industrial

Question 34

New Urbanism

Answer 34

a school of thought that promotes designing growth to limit the amount of urban sprawl and preserve nature and usable farmland

Question 35

Slow Growth Cities

Answer 35

city where planners have used smart-growth policies to decrease the rate at which the city grows outward

Question 36

Urban Growth Boundary

Answer 36

a boundary that separates urban land uses from rural land uses by limiting how far a city can expand

Question 37

Green belt

Answer 37

a ring of parkland, agricultural land, or other type of open space maintained around an urban area to limit sprawl

Question 38

De Facto Segregation

Answer 38

segregation that results from residential settlement patterns rather than from prejudicial laws

Question 39

Redlining

Answer 39

practice by which a financial institution such as a bank refuses to offer home loans on the basis of a neighborhood's racial or ethnic makeup

Question 40

Blockbusting

Answer 40

a practice by real estate agents who would stir up concern that Black families would soon move into a neighborhood; the agents would convince White property owners to sell their houses at below-market prices

Question 41

Inclusionary Zoning Laws

Answer 41

law that creates affordable housing by offering incentives for developers to set aside a minimum percentage of new housing construction to be allocated for low-income renters or buyers

Question 42

Land Tenure

Answer 42

the legal rights, as defined by a society, associated with owning land

Question 43

Eminent Domain

Answer 43

a government’s right to take over privately owned property for public use or interest

Question 44

Environmental Injustice

Answer 44

the ways in which communities of color and poor people are more likely to be exposed to environmental burdens such as air pollution or contaminated water; also called environmental racism

Question 45

Urban Renewal

Answer 45

the nationwide movement that developed in the 1950s and 1960s when U.S. cities were given massive federal grants to tear down and clear out crumbling neighborhoods and former industrial zones as a means of rebuilding their downtowns

Question 46

Regional Planning

Answer 46

planning conducted at a regional scale that seeks to coordinate the development of housing, transportation, urban infrastructure, and economic activities

Question 47

Brown fields

Answer 47

abandoned and polluted industrial site in a central city or suburb