Unit 2 Flashcards
(100 cards)
0
Q
Anorexia nervosa (definition)
A
Psychological disorder involving loss of appetite and excessive weight loss not caused by a physical disease
1
Q
7 year old children characteristics
A
- weight gain 4-7lbs/yr
- height 2-3”yr
- muscle coordination well developed
- most primary teeth are lost
- vision is at its best
- mental development increases rapidly
- more independent
2
Q
Arthritis
A
Inflammation of a joint
3
Q
Behavior of older adults
A
- short-term memory
- Alzheimer’s
- less active
- emotions vary (happy, sad, depressed, frustrated, lonely)
- loss of self-esteem
4
Q
Bulimia (definition)
A
Psychological condition in which a person eats excessively and then uses laxatives or vomits to get rid of the food
5
Q
Care of Alzheimer’s
A
- full-time superision
- safe & calm environment
- doors & windows secure
- follow same routine
- simple activities
- reality orientation
6
Q
Cataract
A
Condition of the eye where the lens becomes cloudy or opaque, leading to blindness
7
Q
Causes of Alzheimer’s
A
- lack a neurotransmitter
- genetic defect
- missing enzyme
- toxic effects of aluminum
- virus
- faulty metabolism of glucose
8
Q
Causes of cognitive impairments
A
- depression
- anxiety
- suspiciousness, delusions, paranoia, schizophrenia
- mental retardation
- closed head injuries
- permanent damage
- brain aneurisms
- dementia
9
Q
Causes of suicide among teens
A
- depression
- grief over a los or love affair
- failure in school
- inability to meet expectations
- influence of suicidal friends
- lack of self-esteem
10
Q
Causes of temporary confusion/disorientation
A
- stress
- depression
- alcohol-kidney disease
- respiratory disease
- liver disease
11
Q
Changes in CV system
A
.
12
Q
Characteristics of nonverbal communication
A
- facial expressions
- body language
- gestures
- eye contact
- touch
13
Q
Characteristics of verbal communication
A
- spoken
- written
- tone of voice
- word choice
14
Q
Communication barriers
A
- deafness/hearing loss
- blindness/impaired vision
- aphasia/speech impairments
- culture
- stereotyping
15
Q
Communication feedback
A
Method that can be used to determine whether communication was successful
16
Q
Compensation
A
The substitution of one goal for another goal to achieve success
17
Q
Confidential care
A
Makes sure that the patients information is kept private from anyone besides other members of the health care team
18
Q
Define growth and development
A
Growth-the measurable physical changes that occur throughout a person’s life
Development-the changes in intellectual, mental, emotional, social, and functional skills that occur over time
19
Q
Definition of abuse
A
Any care that results in physical harm or pain, or mental anguish
20
Q
Definition of Alzheimer’s
A
Progressive, irreversible disease involving memory loss, disorientation, deterioration, of intellectual function, and speech an gait disturbances
21
Q
Definition of communication
A
Process of transmission; exchange of thoughts or information
22
Q
Definition of emotional development
A
Refers to feelings and includes dealing with love, hate, joy, fear, excitement, and other similar feelings
23
Q
Designation of POA or Health care surrogate
A
.
24
Developmental characteristics of adolescence
- 12 - 18
- less coordination
- puberty
- increase knowledge & decision making skills
- crazy emotions
- more friend orientated
25
Developmental characteristics of early adulthood
- 19 - 40
- most productive
- additional education
- stress
- independence
26
Developmental characteristics of early childhood
- 1 - 6
- high physical development
- rapid mental development
- rapid emotional development
- more friends their age
27
Developmental characteristics of infancy
- birth - 1
| - everything develops
28
Developmental characteristics of late adulthood
- 65+
- physical development declines
- mental, emotional varies
- social declines
29
Developmental characteristics of late childhood
- 6 - 12
- mental increases
- independence, self confidence
30
Developmental characteristics of middle adulthood
- 40 - 65
- physical slowly starts to decline
- mental increases
- emotionally content
- social varies
31
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s
Difficult because no specific test. Diagnosed when neuritic plaques are found during an autopsy. Other than that, assumed.
32
Disease
Any condition that interferes with the normal function of the body
33
Displacement
Defense mechanism in which feelings about one person are transferred to someone else
34
DNR
Do Not Resuscitate means that cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not performed when a patient stops breathing
35
Domestic violence
When an intimate partner uses threatening, manipulative, aggressive, or violent behavior to maintain power and control over another person
36
Dysphagia
Difficulty in swallowing
37
Dysuria
Difficult or painful urination
38
Factors influencing communication
- feedback
- clear message
- word choice
- interruptions
- nonverbal
- barriers
39
Factors interfering with communication
- deafness/hearing loss
- blindness/impaired vision
- aphasia/speech impairments
- stereotyping
- culture differences
40
Five stages of death
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
41
Forms of dementia
- delirium
- acute dementia
- chronic dementia
42
Glaucoma
Eye disease characterized by increased intraocular pressure
43
Grasp reflex
Infants can grasp an object placed in the hand
44
Hoarding
Keeping or collecting everything
45
Hospice (function/ purpose)
Offers care that provides support and comfort to both the patients and families. Offered in hospitals, medical centers, special facilities, homes. Not started until a phsician declares the patient 6 months to live.
46
Incontinence
Unable to voluntarily control urination or defection
47
Independence vs dependence
Independence-being able to perform tasks on own without assistance
Dependence-having to rely on help to perform tasks
48
Infant physical development
- 0 - 1
- major weight gain
- all systems develop
- reflexes
- teeth
- vision
- sensory skills
- movement
49
Levels of communication
Verbal and non-verbal
50
Living will
A legal document stating a person's desires on what measures should or should not be taken to prolong life when his or her condition is terminal
51
Loneliness among elderly
They fear this at death. Their family members and friends may be passing away.
52
Loss of adipose tissue in the elderly
Fat tissue related to everything in the integumentary system
53
Melanin patches
.
54
Memory changes of elderly
- Alzheimer's
- Arterloxclerosis
- TBIs
- Dementia
- Delirium
- TIAs
55
Middle adulthood
- 40 - 65
- hair grays and thins
- skin wrinkle
- muscle tone decreases
- senses start to decrease
- menopause
- slowing of hormone production
- family relationships decrease
- stable emotions
56
Moro reflex
Reflex to a loud noise or sudden movement
57
Need for safety and security
Free from anxiety and fear, order and routine, understanding and reassurance
58
Needs of humans
- physiological
- safety and security
- love and affection
- esteem
- self-actualization
59
Nonverbal behavior
- facial expressions
- body language
- hand gestures
- eye contact
- touch
60
Ombudsman
Specially trained individual who acts as an advocate for others to improve care or conditions
61
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of bone or bone marrow usually caused by infection
62
Osteoporosis
Condition in which bones become porous and brittle because of lack or loss of calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals
63
Pacing
Sign of cognitive impairment
64
Patient advocate
Acts as a mediator between the patient and Health Care Providers to maintain a high quality of care or improve the quality
65
Patients rights (what are they)
- considerate and respectful care
- obtain valid information concerning diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis
- receive information necessary to give valid consent
- have advanced directives
- privacy concerning a medical program
- confidentiality
- reasonable response
- right to refuse to be a part of any research project
- continuous care
- review of medical records with explanation
- be informed of any rules
66
Percentage of individuals living in long term care
5%
67
Pillaging
Collecting things they don't need; stock piling
68
Projection
Defense mechanism in which an individual places the blame for his o her actions on someone else or circumstances
69
Psychological care of dying
- safety
- love and affection
- esteem
- self-actualization
70
Psychological barriers of communication
- prejudice
- attitudes
- personality
71
Puberty
Period of growth and development during which secondary sexual characteristics begin to develop
72
Rationalization
Defense mechanism involving the use of a reasonable or acceptable excuse as explanation for behavior
73
Reality orientation
Activities to help promote awareness of time, place, and person
74
Retirement
Leaving work. Effects emotional and social life
75
Right to die
An individual who has a terminal illness, with no hope of being cured, should be allowed to refuse measures that would prolong life
76
Rooting reflex
A slight touch on the cheek causes the mouth to open and the head to turn
77
Self-actualization
Have obtained their full potentials, or that they are what they want to be
78
Sexual needs of elderly
Sharing room with spouse, possibly moving on after death of spouse, still need love and affection
79
Sexuality needs
People's feelings concerning ther masculine/feminine natures, their abilities to give and receive love and affection, their roles in reproduction of the species
80
Signs of abuse
- unexplained bruises, fractures, burns, or injuries
- signs of neglect such as poor personal hygiene
- irrational fears or a change in personality
- aggressive or withdrawn behavior
- patient statements that indicate abuse or neglect
81
Signs of suicide
- sudden changes in appetite and sleep habits
- withdrawal, depression, moodiness
- excessive fatigue or agitation
- neglect of personal hygiene
- alcohol or drug abuse
- losing interest in hobbies and other aspects of life
- preoccupation with death
- injuring one's body
- giving away possessions
- social withdrawal from family and friends
82
Social development of 2 year old
Strongly attached to parents, but learn to interact more
83
Social skills of children
- more interactive
- learn to trust
- more agreeable
- open to more opinions
84
Socialization
Interacting and relationships with other people
85
Stages of dying
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
86
Sucking reflex
Caused by a slight touch on the lips
87
Sundowning
Perfectly normal until the sun goes down; cognitive impairment based on time of day
88
Suppression
Defense mechanism used by an individual who is aware of unacceptable feelings or thoughts but refuses to deal with them
89
Thrombus
A blood clot
90
TIA’s
(transient ischemic attacks, mistrokes) result in temporary periods of diminished blood flow to the brain
91
Time frame when physical changes occur in elderly
70s - 80s
92
Trust vs Mistrust
The first stage of Erikson's stages of life. Develop trust based on quality of care given
93
Vascular degeneration
.
94
What are patients’ rights
- die the way they want
- know all information
- make decisions
- decline care
- receive best care
95
What are perceptions (communication)
How someone understands and processes what you tell them
96
What are the basic needs
- physiological
- safety and security
- love and affection
- esteem
- self-actualization
97
What is mental development
Intellectual development an dincludes learning how to solve problems, make judgments, and deal with situations
98
What is safety needs
The need to be free from anxiety and fear, and the need to feel secure in the environment
99
Withdrawal
Defense mechanism in which an individual either ceases to communicate or physically removes self from situation
