Unit 2

Question 1

what was the Internet a result of?

Answer 1

ARPANET - Advanced Research Project Agency Network

Question 2

what was the goal of ARPANET?

Answer 2

create a communication system that can survive a nuclear attack

Question 3

what are the two types of networks?

Answer 3

centralized and distributed

Question 4

what was Paul Baran’s idea for sending info through net?

Answer 4

break up into blocks and send them as fast as possible in any direction

Question 5

who owns the internet?

Answer 5

no one

internet is made up of individually operated networks - no central control, end to end connectivity

Question 6

what did the internet working protocol do?

Answer 6

set groundwork for internet

Question 7

ISP

Answer 7

internet service provider - connects you to devices around the world

Question 8

how else can you explain the internet?

Answer 8

design philosophy and an architecture expressed in a set of protocols

Question 9

protocols

Answer 9

well known set of rules and standards used to communicate between networks

Question 10

what did the design philosophy allow the internet to do?

Answer 10

to adapt and absorb new communication technology

Question 11

IP

Answer 11

internet protocol

Question 12

IP Address

Answer 12

all devices have a unique address/number

Question 13

how are IP Addresses represented?

Answer 13

represented in bits: 32 bits in total/ 8 per part

Question 14

4 parts of IP address

Answer 14

country (now network), region (now network), subnetwork, device

Question 15

IPV4

Answer 15

4 billion ip addresses (what we have now)

Question 16

IPV6

Answer 16

128 bits/ 340 undecillion

what we are transforming into

Question 17

DNS

Answer 17

Domain Name System

associates web names into IP Addresses

Question 18

How are DNS services connected?

Answer 18

in distributed hierarchy - .com/.net/.org

Question 19

how was DNS created as? what susceptibility?

Answer 19

open and public communication protocol
cyberattacks

Question 20

DNS spoofing

Answer 20

hacker taps into DNS server and changes domain name to wrong IP address

Question 21

how are DNS and IP designed?

Answer 21

designed to scale

Question 22

do we have direct dedicated connection?

Answer 22

no - it’s impossible

Question 23

how does info go from one computer to another?

Answer 23

packets of info - like a car (takes account of traffic, quickest path, etc)

Question 24

what are the limits of sending digital packets?

Answer 24

can’t sent a big one- have to split it into diff packets that have to and from addresses so that they reach the right place

packets can arrive at different times and out of order, but is assembled correctly at destination

Question 25

what are routers?

Answer 25

traffic managers of packets keeps track of paths to send info and chooses the cheapest path

Question 26

what does cheap mean in this case?

Answer 26

taking account into time, politics, and relationships

Question 27

what does many paths allow for?

Answer 27

redundancy = fault tolerant= reliability

Question 28

does most direct equate to best option?

Answer 28

no

Question 29

TCP

Answer 29

transmission control protocol manages the sending and receiving of all packets signs for delivery or not depending on if all packets are present; missing packets are resent if missing

Question 30

advantage of TCP and Routers?

Answer 30

scalable

Question 31

what is an URL?

Answer 31

uniform resource locator web address

Question 32

what is the process of computers asking servers for websites?

Answer 32

it talks to the server asking with "GET" requests, and the server sends it back as HTTP

Question 33

what are GET requests?

Answer 33

sent from computer to desired server tells server that you want all HTML code

Question 34

what is HTTP?

Answer 34

hypertext transfer protocol language used to communicate between browers and servers

Question 35

what is HTML?

Answer 35

hypertext markup language language that tells a web browser how a page should look

Question 36

What do HTML include? what not?

Answer 36

include texts, but not images/videos images and videos have their own URLs, so they get their own GET requests sent

Question 37

POST requests

Answer 37

you send the info to servers, and then the server sends you your web page with a cookie

Question 38

what are cookies?

Answer 38

an ID card that webs use to remember who you are

Question 39

what aspects of the internet lead to hacking?

Answer 39

it's completely open, all connections are shared, and all info is sent in plain text

Question 40

how do safe websites prevent snooping and tempering?

Answer 40

through secure channels : Secure Socket Layer and Transport Layer Security

Question 41

what do SSL and TLS so?

Answer 41

layer of security around your connections

Question 42

what is HTTPS?

Answer 42

hypertext transfer protocol secure

Question 43

what are digital certificates?

Answer 43

when a web asks a browser to engage in a secure connection, it first provides this proving it's the website it claims to be (id almost) its given by higher authorities that says that this is the right website

Question 44

what do HTTPS and DNS do?

Answer 44

manage sending and receiving of web files

Question 45

what do TCP/IP and routing do?

Answer 45

break down info and transport them by packets

Question 46

what do wires and cables and wifi do?

Answer 46

binary sequences that are sent physically