unit 9

Question 1

what is a fact when looking at visualizations?

Answer 1

what the data shows

Question 2

what is the opinion when looking at visualizations?

Answer 2

why the fact might be the case

Question 3

what assumptions should we be careful to make?

Answer 3

correlation does not equal causation

Question 4

what is metadata?

Answer 4

data about data

Question 5

what happens to the primary data when metadata is changed?

Answer 5

can be changed without impacting the primary data

Question 6

what can the metadata be used for?

Answer 6

finding, organizing, and managing information

Question 7

what does metadata increase?

Answer 7

increases effective use of data by providing extra information

Question 8

what does metadata allow the data to be?

Answer 8

structured and organized

Question 9

how to create a bar chart

Answer 9

count how many times each value in the column appears and make a bar at that height

Question 10

information we can get out of bar charts

Answer 10

what values are the most common in this column
what values are the least common in this column
what is the unique list of values in this column

Question 11

what happens when all the values of a chart is unique?

Answer 11

it is not useful

Question 12

how to create a histogram

Answer 12

similar to a bar chart, but all numbers in a bucket are grouped together

Question 13

when can histograms be created?

Answer 13

only with numeric data

Question 14

when is a histogram useful?

Answer 14

when a normal bar chart may be difficult to read

Question 15

information we can get out of histograms?

Answer 15

what range of values are the most common in this column
what range of values are the least common in this column
what range of values do or do not appear in this column

Question 16

when does data need to be cleaned?

Answer 16

data in incomplete
data is invalid
multiple tables are combined into one

Question 17

what leads to messy data

Answer 17

users enter in different types of data - “two” or 2
users use diff abbreviations for some info - “February” or “Feb”
data may have diff spellings - “colour” or “color”
data has inconsistent capitalization - “spring” or Spring”

Question 18

what does filtering data allow for?

Answer 18

allows the user to look at a subset of the data

Question 19

when are bar charts and histograms useful?

Answer 19

when looking at one column of data

Question 20

ways to visualize data that look at two columns of data at the same time

Answer 20

crosstab chart
scatterplot

Question 21

crosstab chart

Answer 21

counts how many times combinations of values appear

Question 22

scatterplot

Answer 22

useful for seeing patterns and trends between two values and numeric data with lots of different values
not useful for lots of repeated values

Question 23

what can we takeaway from manipulating and visualizing data?

Answer 23

develop insights and knowledge about our world by finding patterns

Question 24

what can we see when investigating two columns of data?

Answer 24

we can observe patterns different values move together (how they are correlated) but cannot know the cause of correlation

Question 25

what is open data?

Answer 25

sharing data with others so that they can analyze it publicly available data shared by government, organizations, and others

Question 26

how is making data open useful?

Answer 26

helps spread useful knowledge or creates opportunities for others to use it to solve problems

Question 27

what is citizen science and crowdsourcing

Answer 27

collecting data from others so you can analyze it examples of how human capabilities can be enhanced by collaboration via computing

Question 28

crowdsourcing

Answer 28

practice of obtaining input or information from large numbers of people via the internet

Question 29

what does crowdsourcing offer?

Answer 29

new models for collaborations, such as connecting businesses or social causes with funding

Question 30

citizen science

Answer 30

research where some of the data collection is done by members of the public using own computing devices with leads to solving scientific problems

Question 31

what is big data?

Answer 31

collect huge amounts of data so we can learn even more from it

Question 32

what does the size of datasets analyzed impact? as a result what happens?

Answer 32

how much information can be extracted people are working with increasingly big data sets in many contexts like business and science

Question 33

cloud computing

Answer 33

parallel systems when data gets too big and can no longer be processed on one computer so this is used to help process all that info

Question 34

what is important to consider when working with big data?

Answer 34

the scalability as you want your systems to be able to work even as you're using more and more data

Question 35

what are bar charts and histograms good for knowing?

Answer 35

what is in your data set

Question 36

what are crosstab charts and scatterplots good for knowing?

Answer 36

finding relationships and patterns across diff columns