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Unit 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Allies of reforming the Catholic Church during the 16th century.

A

edit answer

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1
Q

Where is the birthplace of the Reformation

A

Germany and Switzerland

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2
Q

What are some of the contributing factors to lay criticism to the church?

A
  • Urban Laypeople
  • Books
  • The printing press
  • Postal System
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3
Q

Common goal of the 13th-15th religious movements

A

Religious Simplisity

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4
Q

Ideology of the Brothers of the Common Life

A

Prayer and Study without giving up the modern world.

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5
Q

What is the “Imitation of the Christ”

A

A book written by Thomas à Kupis that basically summarizes the philosophy of the Brothers of the Common Life

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6
Q

Who was Martin Luther

A

Raised in a very strict house hold and was supposed to be a lawer but became a monk instead. Later becomes a professor at Wittenburg University.

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7
Q

salvation according to the medieval church

A

a combination of devine grace and human good.

works + grace = salvation

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8
Q

what are Indulgences

A

a paper stamped by the church saying that one will not be punished for their sins

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9
Q

who extended the indulgences to the dead?

A

Sixtus IV

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10
Q

why did pope Leo create the Jubilee indulgence?

A

to finish the St. Peter Basilica

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11
Q

what is the jubilee indulgence?

A

takes away all sins- past, present and future.

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12
Q

where does pope Leo X sells the Jubilee Indulgence

A

Mainz

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13
Q

what’s the 95 theses and who wrote them?

A

Martin Luthers complaint to the church higher archy about the indulgences

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14
Q

what are four of Martin Luther’s literary works?

A
  • Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
  • Babylonian Captivity if the Church
  • Freedom of a Christian
  • Exsirge Domine
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15
Q

when did Martin Luthor write the 95 theses

A

1517

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16
Q

what was the diet of worms

A

a court held which asked Luther to recant his words but he refuses.

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17
Q

Martin Luther’s views on salvation

A

“Justification by faith alone”

Belief=works=grace=salvation

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18
Q

how did the 95 theses become publicized?

A

humanists translated it into German and than published it to the common people using the printing press

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19
Q

what does the Babylonian Captivity by Martin Luther say?

A

that only 2 out of the 7 holy sacraments were biblically correct.

(Baptism and Communion)

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20
Q

what was the peace of Augsburg

A

when Charles the I/V gave princely control over religion in the regions.

“Cuius regio, eius religio = who’s region, his religion”

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21
Q

Martin Luther’s reaction to the peasant revolt?

A

published “Against the Murderous and the thieving Horda if Peasants.”

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22
Q

how many peasants died in the 1524-25 revolt?

A

70,000-100,000

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23
Q

what’s the diet of Augsburg of 1530

A

The order that all the Princes must convert back to Catholicism

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24
The schmalkaldic leauge
an edited version of the Augsburg confession
25
the Augsburg confession
a produstant confession differentiating itself from Catholicism
26
who was the leader of the Zurich Reformation
Ulrich Zwingli
27
define communion
the presence of Christ in the bread and wine
28
what was the point of contention between Luther and Zwingli
Communion
30
what were antibaptists
Protestants who believed in * adult baptism * primacy of the bible * complete separation of church/state
31
John Calvin
Theologian who influenced the Calvinist movement.
32
Lutheranism in Denmark
Became the official state religion
33
Religious significance of Magdeburg during the 16th century
Became a refuge for persecuted Protestants
34
Henry VIII
Created the Church of England for the ability to be able to get a divorce. He had 5 wives. Considered to be the "Kings Great Matter"
35
Act of Succession
Disinherits Mary from Henry's throne
36
Act of Uniformity
Book of common prayer that was the only legal form of worship
37
Act of Supremacy
Declared King Henry VIII the only supreme head of the Church of England
38
Wives of King Henry VIII
``` Catherine of Aragon Anna Boleyn Jane Seymour Anne of Cleves Catherine Howard Catherine Parr ```
39
Tudor Monarchs
Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Lady Jane Gray, Mary I and Elizabeth
40
Six Articles
Ten articles of 1536. Private mass, oral confession, celibacy vows and ucris reinstated.
41
Early reform movements from within the Catholic Church
Theatines, Capuchins, Somaschi, Barnabites, Virsulines and Orgtorians
42
Jesuits
"The Society of Jesus"
43
Ignatius of Loyola
A courtier in his youth. Later a Jesuit or "solider of Christ"
44
Council of Trent
Council to reassert church doctrine.
45
Magisterial Reformers
Leaders of major protestant movements and succeeded by pure force of the magistrates sword.
46
Church Calendars role on daily life
Regulated life. 1/3 of the year consisted of religious holidays and regular fasts.
47
Protestants and their views on clergy marriage
Clergy should be allowed to marry
48
Clergical arriage prior to the Reformation Age
It didn't happen. The clergy could have concubines and children but never wed.
49
Contributing factors of Wet Nursing
Nursing considered distasteful to upper-class women
50
Miguel de Cervantes
Spanish author. Wrote "Don Quixote"
51
William Shakespeare
English Writer. Wrote "Macbeth", "Hamlet" and "Romeo and Juliet"
52
Baroque and Plain Architectural Styles
Plain: No distractions from the speaker Baroque: Very elaborate
53
What is a Politique and Give an example
A leader who is indifferent about religious matters. | Example: Elizabeth and/Mary I
54
Factors leading up to the Protestant Persecutions in France
Battle of Pavia and the Edict of Chateaubriand
55
Competing families after the death of Henry II
Medici and the Guise
56
French Protestants
Territorial sovereignty
57
What event started the French Wars of Religion
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
58
Effects of The Peace of Saint Germain-en-Laye
Duke of Guise killed and the Coligny took over
59
Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre
20k killed
60
Henry IV of France
Henry of Navarre. Known for saying "Paris is Worth a Mass"
61
Edict of Nantes
Freedom of public worship, right to assemble and admission to universities.
62
Climax of the Spanish/English hostilities
The Spanish Armada invade England
63
Duration of Austrian branch's holding of western and eastern Habsburg lands
Up until 1912
64
Phillip II
Catholic. Strong ruler despite many personal hardships. Ruled more through the paperwork than in physical interactions.
65
Spanish economy of 16th and 17th centuries
Major inflation of prices
66
The compromise
Resisting the Council of Trents degrees
67
Philip II's foreign policy
Dealt with Turkish threats and the control over the Mediterranean.
68
Perpetual Edict of 1577
Removal of all Spanish troops in the Netherlands
69
What area prevented Spain becoming a world empire
The Netherlands
70
Successors of Edward VI of England
Mary I and Lady Jane Gray
71
Mary I's reign
Married Phillip II and reverted the state religion back to Catholicism and killed lots of Protestants.
72
Religious extremist who threatened the reign of Elizabeth I
Mary Queen of Scotts
73
The Elizabethian settlement
Created political and religious unity through legal means
74
Thirty-Nine Articles
Made Protestantism the state religion of England
75
Puritans wanted..
Wanted to purify the church of England and everything Catholic
76
Presbyterians wanted..
Wanted some semi-regional authority
77
Congregationalists wanted..
Wanted full regional authority
78
Causes of the outbreak of war between Spain and England
English Pirating and the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth
79
Reasons for Pope Sixtus V's support for Spain rather than England
Execution of Mary Queen of Scotts
80
Significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada
Beginning of the end of the power of Spain
81
Preconditions of the Thirty Years War
Decentralization of the HRE and religious turmoil
82
Ecclesiastical Reservation
Attempt to freeze territorial holding of Lutherans and Catholics
83
Significance of Heidelberg
Center of German Calvinism
84
Which countries were in the defensive alliance of Palatine Calvinists
England, France and the Netherlands.
85
Religious pop. of the HRE in the 17th century
Equally divided between Catholics and Protestants
86
Place of outbreak of the Thirty Years War
Bavaria
87
Phases of the Thirty Years War
Bohemian, Danish, Swedish and Swedish-French
88
Reasons for the start of the Thirty Years War
To over throw a king and political power
89
Defenestration of Prague
Three royal officials thrown out of a window
90
Edict of Restitution
Reconfirmed the Elastical Reservation, ends the Danish period and reoutlaws calvinism
91
Battle of Breitenfeld
Decisive victory for the Protestants
92
Peace of Prague
Brought about the 3rd period of the Thirty Years War
93
Depopulation of Germany because of the Thirty Years War
1/3 of the population dead
94
Treaty of Westphalia
Was written in French

AP Euro (7 decks)

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