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Interpersonal Communication > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Language is a…

A

code

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2
Q

Digital codes

A

use symbols, conveying meaning symbolically, does not resemble the thing represented

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3
Q

Analogic codes

A

have a natural relationship to what they represent; pictures, photographs, drawings, nonverbal signals. Ex.) Picture of you is more representative of your than your name

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4
Q

Three Levels of Language

A

Syntactics, semantics, pragmatics

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5
Q

Syntactics

A

the study of the process by which words are combined and ordered into grammatical sequences. Meaning based on word order

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6
Q

Semantics

A

the study of meaning of language

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7
Q

Pragmatics

A

Investigate language as it is used in actual interaction. use

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8
Q

Syntactical meaning

A

the meaning of a word is partially determined by the words that preceded and follow it.

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9
Q

Denotation

A

Meaning is in words. Dictionary

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10
Q

Connotation

A

Meaning is in people. Home instead of house

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11
Q

Two ways we create meaning

A

direct experience and associations between one symbol and the next. big hairy spider.

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12
Q

Equivocal words

A

more than one dictionary definition. strategic ambiguity is a good thing sometimes

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13
Q

Relative Words

A

gain meaning by comparison. pain on a scale of 1-10

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14
Q

emotive words

A

sound as if they’re describing facts but actually conveying emotion. Extrovert vs loudmouth

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15
Q

euphemism

A

softens the impact of unpleasant information. Can make things unclear

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16
Q

Static Evaluation (Is or the Law of Identity)

A

The assumption that people are consistent and unchanging. John is mean

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17
Q

Fact-Inference Confusion

A

Not being able to distinguish between facts and inferences

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18
Q

Fact Opinion Confusion

A

Not being able to distinguish between fact and opinion

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19
Q

Abstract Words

A

Generalizing about similarities between several objects, people, ideas, or events.

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20
Q

Responsibility Rejection Words

A

These words reject speakers responsibility:
it, but, they, you. Should use I and We

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21
Q

Linguistic Relativism

A

The worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak

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22
Q

Constitutive

A

rules of meaning

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23
Q

Regulative

A

rules of action

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24
Q

speech acts

A

what the speaker intends to do with the message

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25
Convergence
process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others
26
Divergence
Speaking in a way that emphasizes differences
27
To avoid talking down or up
Learn principle of equality. You wouldn't like someone telling you how to do your job
28
To avoid disconfirmation (devalue)
learn the principle of confirmation. Acknowledge feelings and validate them
29
To avoid excluding others or in-group talk
learn the principle of inclusion. Introduce people.
30
To avoid excessive self talk or excessive other talk
learn the principle of balance. Talk about yourself and listen to others talk about themselves.
31
To avoid excessive criticism or undeserved praise
learn the principle of honest appraisal. Constructive criticism.
32
To avoid offensive language
learn the principle of fairness.
33
sexist language
words or expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males
34
racist language
classifies members of one racial group as superior and others inferior.
35
Four types of time
Biological time (physical, intellectual, emotional), Individual or psychological time (past, present, future), cultural (monochromatic vs polychromatic), intercultural (informal/displaced/diffused), formal, technical
36
is nonverbal communication culture bound
yes
37
what kind of differences are there in nonverbal communication
gender differences
38
culture influences nonverbal communication
emblems affect displays (how you show emotion) personal distance eye contact facial displays greeting behavior time orientation haptics vocalics
39
sex influences nonverbal communication
emotional expressiveness eye contact personal space vocalics touch appearance
40
HURER listening process
hearing, understanding, remembering, evaluating, responding
41
barriers to listening
information overload, personal concerns, rapid thought, noise.
42
silent listening
no words, uh huh, facial expressions that let the speaker know you're listening.
43
counterfeit questions
trap the speaker, make statements, carry hidden agendas, seek correct answers, based on unchecked assumptions.
44
active listening
paraphrase the speakers content, express understanding of the speakers feelings, ask questions for clarification
45
listener behavior formula
lean forward, look into the speakers eyes and face, use my face, don't do other tasks, don't make plans, don't daydream, don't judge.
46
pseudolistening
pretend listening
47
stage hogging
rebuttal tendency, thinking of what to respond with instead of listening to the speaker
48
selective listening
only listening to parts
49
filling in the gaps
only remembering pieces and filling in with what makes sense
50
assimilation to prior messages
I have heard it before so it must be the same, leads to incorrect response
51
insulated listening
avoids topics they don't like. close mindedness
52
defensive listening
takes innocent comments as offenses
53
ambushing
listens carefully for info to attack the speaker
54
insensitive listening
takes everything very literal, competitive interrupting
55
paraphrasing
fluently and concisely paraphrases speakers thoughts fluently and concisely paraphrases speakers feelings makes open ended requests for the speaker to verify the accuracy og paraphrasing statements uses appropriate nonverbal attending behaviors.
56
Empathizing
requires open mindedness, imagination, commitment
57
empathizing does not
deny others the right to their feelings minimize the significance of the situation defend the responder rain on the speakers parade
58
conditions for advice to be beneficial (advising)
if you are confident that advice is correct if person seeking advice is ready to accept it if you are certain that receiver won't blame you if advice doesnt work.
59
when do evaluations have the best chance of being received (evaluating)
when person with problem has requested an evaluation (what do you think) when judgement given is genuinely constructive and not a putdown.
60
when is it helpful to offer an analysis (analyzing)
when it is given tentatively rather than stated as a fact (maybe we are arguing bc...) when it has a reasonable chance of being correct when the other person is receptive to it when the motive for offering an analysis is truly to help the other person.
61
what are some guidelines for being supportive (supporting)
make sure the expression of support is sincere make sure the other person can accept your support involves reassuring, comforting, and/or encouraging

Interpersonal Communication (5 decks)

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