Unit 2

Question 1

What is selective attention?

Answer 1

focusing on one thing while ignoring everything else

Question 2

What is divided attention?

Answer 2

ability to focus on multiple things

Question 3

What is perceptual organization?

Answer 3

proccesses that group smaller things into larger things

Question 4

What is figure-ground perception?

Answer 4

separating objects from surroundings

Question 5

What is the Law of Pragnanz?

Answer 5

tendency to see things in the simplest form

Question 6

What is the Law of Grouping?

Answer 6

grouping things based off their similarities

Question 7

What is it called when you fill in missing information by closing in gaps?

Answer 7

closure

Question 8

What is is called when you group things based on how near they are to one another?

Answer 8

proximity

Question 9

What is shape constancy?

Answer 9

seeing an object as the same shape despite changes in angles or distance

Question 10

What is size constancy?

Answer 10

seeing an object as having the same size despite variety in distance

Question 11

What does pattern perception begin with?

Answer 11

Specific features such as lines

Question 12

Schemas are also known as…

Answer 12

concepts

Question 13

Social schemas are…

Answer 13

mental representations that influence how we see others

Question 14

What is top-down processing?

Answer 14

Processing based off prior knowledge

Question 15

What is a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 15

When you believe something will happen so you unconsciously act in ways to make it happen

Question 16

What is the attribution process?

Answer 16

Where you try to understand why something happens

Question 17

What are the two sides of the attribution process?

Answer 17

• internal
• external

Question 18

What is internal attribution?

Answer 18

We think something happened because of a person and their own qualities.

Such as: personality, choices, or effort

Question 19

What is external attribution?

Answer 19

We think something happened because of outside factors

Such as: situation, luck, or other people

Question 20

Distinctiveness or uniqueness of response refers to how…

Answer 20

consistently a person behaves when exposed to similar stimuli

Question 21

Consensus of response across people refers to…

Answer 21

how much other people’s behavior is similar to an individual’s behavior

Question 22

Consistency of response over time is…

Answer 22

how often a behavior happens the same way in a particular situation

Question 23

Low consensus + high conistency

=

Answer 23

internal attribution

Question 24

High consensus + high consistency

=

Answer 24

external attribution

Question 25

High consensus + high distinctiveness | =

Answer 25

external attribution

Question 26

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 26

where when judging others you: - overemphasize internal factors - underestimare external factors

Question 27

What is the actor-observer bias?

Answer 27

where you believe that: - your behavior is caused by external factors - others' behavior is caused by internal factors

Question 28

What is the self-serving bias?

Answer 28

- credit out success to internal factors - blame failures on external factors

Question 29

What is the Just Wold hypothesis?

Answer 29

the belief that good things happen to good people & bad things happen to bad people

Question 30

What is the false consensus?

Answer 30

Tendency to thing most people share our opinions and beliefs more than they actually do