unit 2

Question 1

measurement of the circumference of the abdomen, taken at the same place with each measurement.

Answer 1

abdominal girth

Question 2

effusion and accumulation of serous fluid in the abdominal cavity

Answer 2

ascites

Question 3

entry of gastric contents into the tracheobronchial passages.

Answer 3

aspiration

Question 4

study consists of a series of xrays that visualize the colon. It is used to demonstrate the presence and location of polyps, tumors, and diverticula.

Answer 4

barium enema (BE)

Question 5

removal and microscopic examination of tissue, performed to establish precise diagnosis.

Answer 5

biopsy

Question 6

examination of the tracheobronchial tree through a lighted tube containing mirrors. It can obtain sputum, foreign bodies, and biopsy specimens

Answer 6

bronchoscopy

Question 7

substance contained within 4 ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid space, and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Answer 7

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

examination of mucosal lining in the colon by using a scope. Requires cleansing of the clients large intestine, clear liquids the evening before, and NPO after midnight. Client usually sedated with IV meds and is placed in a state of twilight sleep.

Answer 8

colonoscopy

Question 9

xray film examination of the body from many angles. Uses a scanner analyzed by a computer.

Answer 9

computed tomography (CT)

Question 10

insertion of a rigid or flexible scope into the urethra for visualization and instrumentation of the lower urinary tract. The procedure is often performed in urological offices with local anesthesia. The bladder is distended with water while the patient is supine or in the lithotomy position. After the examination the patient is observed for the common complications of local urethral trauma and signs of urinary infection.

Answer 10

cystoscopy

Question 11

the study of cells

Answer 11

cytology

Question 12

graphic representation of the electrical activities or conduction system of the heart.

Answer 12

electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)

Question 13

graphic reading of the electrical activity of the brain. electrodes are placed on the scalp overlying multiple areas of the brain to detect and record electrical impulses within the brain. Can evaluate epileptic states, tumors, trauma, drug intoxication and also to determine cerebral death in comatose patients.

Answer 13

electroencephalogram (EEG)

Question 14

test is used to monitor the electrical activity of a skeletal muscle. electrical activity is displayed on an oscilloscope as an electrical waveform. Used to detect primary muscular disorders as well as muscular abnormalities caused by other system diseases.

Answer 14

electromyography (EMG)

Question 15

illuminated optic instrument for the visualization of the interior of a body cavity or organ

Answer 15

endoscope

Question 16

with the use of a fiberoptic endoscope this provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts

Answer 16

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Question 17

test is used to visualize the lumen of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. It enables direct visualization of the upper GI tract by means of a long, flexible, fiberoptic-lighted scope. The lumen of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum are examined for tumors, varices, mucosal inflammations, hiatal hernias, polyps, ulcers, and obstructions.

Answer 17

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Question 18

the act of abstaining from food for a specific period of time

Answer 18

fasting state

Question 19

technical process by which an internal organ or cavity can be viewed, using glass or plastic fibers to transmit light through a specially designed tube and reflect a magnified image

Answer 19

fiberoptics

Question 20

visual examination of a part of the body or the function of an organ with a scope. the technique offers continuous imaging of the motion of internal structures and immediate serial images

Answer 20

fluoroscopy

Question 21

protrusion of a body organ or portion of an organ through an abnormal opening in a membrane, muscle, or other tissue

Answer 21

herniation

Question 22

degree of pressure within the abdominal cavity

Answer 22

intraabdominal pressure

Question 23

pressure that occurs within the cranium

Answer 23

intracranial pressure (ICP)

Question 24

radiographic technique for examining the structure and function of the urinary system. contrast medium is injected by IV, and serial xray films are taken as the medium is cleared from the blood by the kidneys. The renal calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder are all visible on the radiographs

Answer 24

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Question 25

diagnostic procedure in which a special needle is introduced into the liver under local anesthesia to obtain a specimen for pathological examination

Answer 25

liver biopsy

Question 26

diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which a hollow needle and stylet are introduced into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar part of the spinal cord to obtain cerebrospinal fluid. Strict aseptic technique is used.

Answer 26

lumbar puncture (LP)

Question 27

medical imaging based on the resonance of atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field. it is the method of choice for a growing number of disease processes. among its advantages are its superior soft tissue contrast resolution ability to image in multiple planes and lack of ionizing radiation hazards. It is regarded as superior to CT for most central nervous system abnormalities, particularly those of the posterior fossa, brainstem, and spinal cord. It has become an important tool in musculoskeletal and pelvic imaging.

Answer 27

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 28

device for measuring the pressure of a fluid, consisting of a tube marked with a scale and containing a relatively incompressible fluid, such as mercury. The level of fluid in the tube varies with the pressure of the fluid being measured.

Answer 28

manometer

Question 29

amount of pressure measured in a manometer after insertion of a spinal needle into the subarachnoid space

Answer 29

opening pressure

Question 30

procedure in which fluid is withdrawn from a body cavity. incision is made in the skin, and a hollow trocar, cannula, or catheter is passed through the incision into the cavity to allow outflow of fluid into a collecting device. It is most commonly performed to remove excessive accumulations of ascitic fluid from the abdomen. Strict asepsis is followed. The patient needs to empty bladder before procedure to decrease the risk of bladder trauma.

Answer 30

paracentesis

Question 31

use of a sigmoidscope to examine the internal lumen of the rectum and pelvic colon

Answer 31

proctosigmoidoscopy

Question 32

production of shadow images on photographic emulsion through the action of ionizing radiation. The image is the result of the differential attenuation of the radiation in its passage through the object being radiographed

Answer 32

radiography

Question 33

2-dimensional representation of the gamma rays emitted by a radioisotope showing its concentration in a body site, such as the thyroid gland, brain, or kidney. when used in diagnostic scanning they may be administered IV or orally

Answer 33

radioiosotope scan

Question 34

radiological technique for examining the structures of the collecting system of the kidneys that is especially useful in locating urinary tract obstruction. a radiopaque contrast medium is injected through a urinary catheter into the ureters and the calyces of the pelvis of the kidneys

Answer 34

retrograde pyelography

Question 35

surgical perforation of the chest wall and pleural space with a needle to aspirate fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes or to remove specimen for biopsy. Procedure is usually performed using local anesthesia, with the patient in an upright position. May be used to aspirate fluid to treat pleural effusion or to collect fluid samples for culture or examination

Answer 35

thoracentesis