unit 5

Question 1

immature, unspecialized cells. Are capable of becoming any one of several types of blood cells

Answer 1

blood stem cells

Question 2

red blood cells

Answer 2

erythrocytes

Question 3

with a small drop in tissue oxygenation, an increase in the transfer of oxygen from hemoglobin to tissues occurs. This is known as…..

Answer 3

oxygen dissociation

Question 4

RBC production

Answer 4

erythropoiesis

Question 5

When tissue oxygenation is lower than normal it is called this….

Answer 5

hypoxia (reduced oxygen supply)

Question 6

multi-step process of controlled blood clotting

Answer 6

hemostasis

Question 7

conditions directly in the blood itself that 1st activate platelets and then trigger the blood clotting cascade

Answer 7

intrinsic factors

Question 8

events/conditions outside of the blood that can also activate platelets

Answer 8

extrinsic factors

Question 9

prevents over-enlargement of the fibrin clot

Answer 9

fibrinolysis

Question 10

pinpoint hemorrhagic lesions in the skin

Answer 10

petechiae

Question 11

a reduction in either the number of RBCs, the amount of hemoglobin, or the hematocrit

Answer 11

anemia

Question 12

an excess of RBCs

Answer 12

polycythemia

Question 13

percentage of packed RBCs per deciliter of blood

Answer 13

hematocrit

Question 14

normal adult hemoglobin is called…..

Answer 14

hemoglobin A (HbA)

Question 15

blood cell-destroying

Answer 15

hemolytic

Question 16

periodic episodes of extensive cellular sickling are called…

Answer 16

crises

Question 17

deficient oxygen in the blood

Answer 17

hypoxemia

Question 18

sites of production of ATP

Answer 18

mitochondria

Question 19

breakage

Answer 19

lysis

Question 20

This occurs with immunoglobulin G (IgG) anitbody excess. These antibodies are most active at 98.6 degrees F (37 degrees C) and may be triggered by drugs, chemicals, or other autoimmune problems.

Answer 20

warm antibody anemia

Question 21

This has complement protein fixation on immunoglobulin M (IgM) and occurs most at 86 degrees F (30 degrees C). This problem often occurs with Raynaud’s like response in which the arteries in the hands and feet constrict profoundly in response to cold temperatures or stress

Answer 21

cold antibody anemia

Question 22

when RBCs are small they are known to be….

Answer 22

microcytic

Question 23

smooth, beefy-red tongue

Answer 23

glossitis

Question 24

abnormal sensations

Answer 24

paresthesia

Question 25

reduction in WBCs

Answer 25

leukopenia

Question 26

reductions in platelets

Answer 26

thrombocytopenia

Question 27

deficiency in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets

Answer 27

pancytopenia

Question 28

thicker than normal blood

Answer 28

hyperviscous

Question 29

a disease with sustained increase in blood hemoglobin levels to 18 g/dL, an RBC count of 6 million/mm3, or a hematocrit of 55% or greater. This is a cancer of RBCs

Answer 29

Polycythemia vera (PV)

Question 30

cell excess

Answer 30

hypercellularity

Question 31

a dark, flushed appearance

Answer 31

plethoric

Question 32

clot formation

Answer 32

thrombosis

Question 33

elevated serum potassium level

Answer 33

hyperkalemia

Question 34

the withdrawal of whole blood and removal of the patient's RBCs to decrease the number of RBCs and reduce blood viscosity

Answer 34

pheresis

Question 35

low WBC count

Answer 35

neutropenia

Question 36

chemical binding of iron and its removal from the body

Answer 36

chelating

Question 37

type of cancer with uncontrolled production of immature WBCs in the bone marrow

Answer 37

leukemia

Question 38

leukemic cells coming from the lymphoid pathways are typed as......

Answer 38

lymphocytic or lymphoblastic

Question 39

leukemias in which the abnormal cells come from the myeloid pathways are typed as......

Answer 39

myelocytic or myelogenous

Question 40

reduced production of blood cells

Answer 40

hypoplasia

Question 41

abnormal blood flow sounds through the heart

Answer 41

murmur

Question 42

abnormal blood flow sounds heard over arteries

Answer 42

bruits

Question 43

immature cells that are dividing

Answer 43

blast phase cells

Question 44

loss of bone minerals and density

Answer 44

resorption

Question 45

normal flora overgrows and penetrates the internal environment

Answer 45

autocontamination

Question 46

organisms from another person or the environment are transmitted to the patient

Answer 46

cross-contamination

Question 47

mouth sores

Answer 47

stomatitis

Question 48

hair loss

Answer 48

alopecia

Question 49

impaired hearing and/or balance

Answer 49

ototoxicity

Question 50

impaired kidney function

Answer 50

nephrotoxicity

Question 51

transplantation of bone marrow from a sibling or matched unrelated donor

Answer 51

allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Question 52

a transplant in which a patient receives their own stems cells

Answer 52

autologous transplant

Question 53

transplant with stem cells taken from the patient's identical sibling

Answer 53

syngeneic transplant

Question 54

a transplant in which a closely HLA-matched sibling or an unrelated but matched donor provides stem cells

Answer 54

allogeneic transplant

Question 55

these are stem cells that have been released from the bone marrow and circulate within the blood

Answer 55

peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC)

Question 56

withdrawing whole blood, filtering out the cells, and returning plasma to the patient

Answer 56

pheresis

Question 57

the successful "take" of the transplanted cells in the patient's bone marrow

Answer 57

Engraftment

Question 58

period of greatest bone marrow suppression

Answer 58

nadir

Question 59

muscle aches

Answer 59

myalgia

Question 60

slow-growing

Answer 60

indolent

Question 61

bruises

Answer 61

ecchymoses

Question 62

this is a serious immune-mediated clotting disorder that features an unexplained drop in platelet count after heparin treatment with or without thrombotic complications

Answer 62

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)

Question 63

severe chills

Answer 63

rigors