UNIT 2 Flashcards
(68 cards)
What constructs our identity according to the text?
Our identity is constructed by what we think, say, and do as well as by what we undergo.
Why are human actions considered important building blocks?
Human actions are the most important building blocks of who we are and who we become.
What is the mistake in understanding actions?
It is a mistake to try to understand actions independently from the person who does them.
What happens when you exercise your freedom?
The action that results makes a mark or a change in the world, and you are changed in your very core.
Complete the quote: ‘Plant a thought, reap an act. Plant an act, reap a ______.’
habit
What defines a person as an agent?
A person who acts freely and knowingly, who chooses to do or not do something.
What is the difference between freedom and action?
Freedom is the potential to act, while action is the realization of that power.
How can you observe action?
You can observe action; however, you cannot directly observe your capacity to make things happen.
What is the difference between objective and subjective experiences?
Objective experiences represent reality and exist independently, while subjective experiences exist solely within your mind.
What is an example of an objective action?
When you run, something objective takes place, like measuring distance or speed.
What is the significance of intention in actions?
Intention, choice, motivations, and commitment are characteristics of the subject and affect the meaning of actions.
Who originated analytic philosophy?
A group of philosophers known as logical positivists in the 1920s.
What was the main obstacle to the premise of analytic philosophy?
The human will, especially free will.
What question did Ludwig Wittgenstein pose regarding free will?
‘What is left over if I subtract the fact that my arm goes up from the fact that I raised my arm?’
According to Paul Ricoeur, what factors determine the morality of an action?
The object chosen, the end view or intention, and the circumstances.
What questions can be asked to explore the factors of an action?
- Who? * What? * Why? * How? * Under what circumstances? * With whom or against whom? * With what outcome?
What does the ‘who’ refer to in the context of action?
The agent, or the person who makes things happen.
What is the focus of ethics according to the text?
Ethics is about reflecting on intentional or meaningful actions.
What distinguishes moral actions from unintentional actions?
Ethical theory is not concerned with unintentional actions, reflexes, or involuntary bodily movements.
What is a motive?
A reason for an action.
How can circumstances affect the morality of an action?
Circumstances can reduce or increase your responsibility for an action.
What are ‘aggravating circumstances’?
Circumstances that make the situation worse and increase one’s responsibility.
What are ‘mitigating circumstances’?
Circumstances that lessen one’s responsibility.
How does interaction with others affect actions?
Every action is also an interaction; actions can be for or against others.
