Unit 2 Flashcards
(109 cards)
A hypothesis is…
A prediction
Hypothesis that indicates a direction in results
Directional
Hypothesis that doesn’t indicate a direction in results
Non directional
Null hypothesis means …
Prediction won’t happen - if so by chance
Operationalisation means
How you intend to measure the DV
An extraneous variable is…
Any variable except the IV that influences findings
Situational variable is …
An extraneous variable that’s in the environment
Eg earthquake, hot sunny day
Participant variable is…
An extraneous variable caused by the participant
Eg: stress, being ill, tiredness
A confounding variable ….
Effects findings so much you’re no longer measuring what was intended
Covariables are ….
Associated variables - but doesn’t say how or why
Lab experiment is….
Takes place in a controlled environment
IV manipulated to see effect on DV
Field experiment is…..
Takes place in a more natural environment/real life setting
IV manipulated to see effect on DV
Natural experiment is ….
Takes place in a real life setting
IV left to naturally occur to see effect on DV
2 Benefits 2 drawbacks of lab experiments
+ high control + establish cause and effect
- artificial - demand characteristics
2 Benefits 2 drawbacks of field experiments
+ real life + ecologically valid
- limited variable control - difficult to replicate
2 Benefits 2 drawbacks of natural experiments
+ real life + ecologically valid
- not replicable - no control over variables
4 types of Naturalistic observation
Covert
Overt
Participant
Non participant
Covert observations…
Participants are unaware of the observation
Overt observations….
Participants know about the observation
1 benefit and 1 drawback of covert observation
+ validly
- unethical
1 benefit and 1 drawback of overt observation
+ ethical
- demand characteristics
1 benefit and 1 drawback of participant observation
+ practical
- may lack notes
1 benefit and 1 drawback of non participant observation
+ practical
- validity
Structured observations take place in…
Takes place in a lab
NOT an experiment!