Flashcards in Unit 2-Cell Cycle, Protein Synthesis, DNA Deck (42)
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1
codon
series of 3 bases in a strand of DNA or mRNA; codes for an amino acid
2
anticodon
series of 3 bases in a strand of tRNA
3
mitosis
process by which the nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei, each with the same number of chromosomes
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cytokinesis
process where a cells cytoplasm is divided; happens at the end of telophase
5
spindle fiber
football shaped structure that aides in the movement of chromosomes
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cell division
process that makes two distinct identical cells
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sister chromatids
one of two distinct strands that make up a chromosome
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centromere
structure that holds together pairs of chromatids
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replication
DNA makes a copy of itself; happens in the S-phase of interphase
10
interphase
The time between cell divisions; not part of mitosis but is part of the cell cycle; divided into 3 parts- G1, S, and G2
11
prophase
first phase of mitosis; chromosomes become visible, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle fibers form
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metaphase
2nd phase of mitosis; chromosomes line up across the equator (middle) of the cell
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anaphase
3rd phase of mitosis; centromeres split and separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell
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telophase
last phase of mitosis; nuclear membrane reforms, chromosomes unwind, spindle fibers dissappear
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cytosine
pairs with guanine; a nitrogenous base in DNA or RNA
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guanine
pairs with cytosine; a nitrogenous base in DNA or RNA
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adenine
pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA
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thymine
pairs with adenine in DNA (no T in RNA)
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uracil
pairs with adenine in RNA (no U in RNA)
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centriole
in animal cells only; aids in mitosis- organelle that produces the spindle fibers
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double helix
twisted ladder shape of DNA formed by 2 separate nucleotides
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nucleotide
monomer of a nucleic acid; made up of a sugar, a phosphate group and a base
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DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
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mRNA
messenger RNA; copies info on a strand of DNA in the nucleus of a cell and takes it to the ribosome
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tRNA
transfer RNA; copies info from mRNA in the cytoplasm near the ribosome
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cell cycle
period of the beginning of one mitosis to the beginning of the next; includes interphase (G1,S,G2) and mitosis (IPMAT)
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cancer
a cell that isn't subject to normal cell cycle control mechanisms and will divide continuously
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chromatin
material in chromosomes that is composed of DNA and protein (called histone); long stringy strands of DNA
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base pairing
attraction between complementary nitrogenous bases
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