Unit 3- Genetics Flashcards
(27 cards)
genotype
genetic make-up of an organism; ex. TT or Tt
phenotype
appearance of an organism; ex. tall plant/ green eyes
Punnett square
used to predict the probable offspring in a cross
homozygous/purebred
having the same alleles for a trait; ex. TT or tt
heterozygous/hybrid
having two different alleles for a trait; ex. Tt
pedigree
chart that shows relationships within a family; allows you to see how a trait is inherited within a family
Down syndrome
trisomy of chromosome number 21
clone
genetically identical cells
transgenic organism
organism that contains genes from another organism
polyploidy
when organisms have an extra set of chromosomes
sickle cell anemia
disorder that causes the red blood cells to have an abnormal hemoglobin causing an abnormal shape
incomplete dominance
both alleles in the heterozygote are partially expressed/blended; ex. pink flower
Drosophila
fruit fly; organism used for modern genetics research
monohybrid cross
cross involving one trait
dihybrid cross
cross involving two traits
allele
alternate form of the same trait; ex. the gene for plant height has an allele for tallness and an allele for shortness
codominance
both alleles in the heterozygote are fully expressed; roan cattle, erminette chickens
multiple alleles
a series of three or more forms of a gene
gene map
chart that shows the distance between genes
Huntingtons Disease
disorder of the central nervous system caused by a dominant gene; symptoms occur in middle age; deterioration and loss of control of voluntary movements
cystic fibrosis
disorder characterized by excess mucus in the lungs
autosome
chromosome pairs 1-22; AKA body chromosomes
karyotype
a photograph of metaphase chromosomes grouped in pairs
nondisjunction
error in meiosis in which chromosomes fail to separate
