Flashcards in Unit 3- Genetics Deck (27)
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1
genotype
genetic make-up of an organism; ex. TT or Tt
2
phenotype
appearance of an organism; ex. tall plant/ green eyes
3
Punnett square
used to predict the probable offspring in a cross
4
homozygous/purebred
having the same alleles for a trait; ex. TT or tt
5
heterozygous/hybrid
having two different alleles for a trait; ex. Tt
6
pedigree
chart that shows relationships within a family; allows you to see how a trait is inherited within a family
7
Down syndrome
trisomy of chromosome number 21
8
clone
genetically identical cells
9
transgenic organism
organism that contains genes from another organism
10
polyploidy
when organisms have an extra set of chromosomes
11
sickle cell anemia
disorder that causes the red blood cells to have an abnormal hemoglobin causing an abnormal shape
12
incomplete dominance
both alleles in the heterozygote are partially expressed/blended; ex. pink flower
13
Drosophila
fruit fly; organism used for modern genetics research
14
monohybrid cross
cross involving one trait
15
dihybrid cross
cross involving two traits
16
allele
alternate form of the same trait; ex. the gene for plant height has an allele for tallness and an allele for shortness
17
codominance
both alleles in the heterozygote are fully expressed; roan cattle, erminette chickens
18
multiple alleles
a series of three or more forms of a gene
19
gene map
chart that shows the distance between genes
20
Huntingtons Disease
disorder of the central nervous system caused by a dominant gene; symptoms occur in middle age; deterioration and loss of control of voluntary movements
21
cystic fibrosis
disorder characterized by excess mucus in the lungs
22
autosome
chromosome pairs 1-22; AKA body chromosomes
23
karyotype
a photograph of metaphase chromosomes grouped in pairs
24
nondisjunction
error in meiosis in which chromosomes fail to separate
25
monosomy
type of nondisjunction in which one homologous chromosome is missing
26
trisomy
type of nondisjunction in which there is an extra chromosome in a homologous pair
27