Unit 2-Cells

Question 1

Ribosomes

Answer 1

synthesize proteins

large and small subunits come together to capture mRNA then break apart

Question 2

Golgi Body

Answer 2

receives proteins and lipids from rough ER and smooth ER as transport vesicles and accepts them through the cis face

modifies proteins and lipids
turns into a secretory vesicle that comes out the trans face

makes lysosomes

packs and ships

Question 3

Rough ER

Answer 3

covered with ribosomes that make proteins

involved with the production, folding, quality control and despatch of proteins

proteins get sent to Golgi Body as transport vesicle

Cisternae- wrinkles that provide surface area
Lume- space inside rough ER

Question 4

Smooth ER

Answer 4

responsible for lipid, steroid, and carb synthesis

stores calcium

important for liver fxn: helps detoxify

it is free of ribosomes

Question 5

Lysosomes

Answer 5

cell clean up

filled with inactive digestive enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

pH drops btw 2-4 which causes enzymes to become active (they start to break down material then they return back to inactive)

they are made by the Golgi Body

Question 6

Peroxisomes

Answer 6

detoxifies harmful substances

eliminates anything that “attacks” your cells

saves you from too much oxygen

Question 7

Cytoskeleton

Answer 7

network of fibers in the cytoplasm that holds cell together

helps the cell to keep its shape

aids movement

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

site of ATP production

has its own DNA, ribosomes, and protein

Matrix=liquid inside it

Cristae=wrinkles that give it surface area, contains enzymes which convert to high energy electrons to ATP

Question 9

Centriole

Answer 9

aids in cell division in animal cells only

two that are at 90 degrees

9 sets of triplets of microtubules

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

found inside the nucleus and responsible for rRNA synthesis

Question 11

Chromatin

Answer 11

loose DNA to make chromosomes within the nucleus

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

control center of the cell

protects DNA/RNA

Question 13

Nuclear Pores

Answer 13

holes in the nuclear envelope (outer membrane) that allow materials to pass in and out the nucleus

Question 14

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 14

outer membrane of the nucleus

Question 15

Vacuoles

Answer 15

stores food, water, waste, and other materials

plant cells have it bigger than animal cells

Turgidity- it is swollen

Tonoplasts-pressure of water pushing against each other to give its structure

Question 16

Actin

Answer 16

thin filaments that can change shape

has a short life

part of the cytoskeleton

Question 17

Microtubules

Answer 17

spiral strands of protein molecules that form tubelike structures

used for cytoskeleton structure

transports organelles

transports materials inside the tube

Question 18

Dynein

Answer 18

moves because ATP attaches and gives it energy

changes Hydrogen bonds which makes it move across the top of the microtubules

Question 19

Plasmodesmata

Answer 19

how plant cells communicate

channels between adjacent plant cells

Question 20

Cisternae

Answer 20

wrinkles of the rough ER

Question 21

Cristae

Answer 21

wrinkles in the mitochondria

Question 22

Flagella or Flagellum

Answer 22

long whiplike structure that helps a cell move

made up of microtubules

has the 9 sets of triplets at the base but the at the end of the tail it has 9 sets of doublets so it can be flexible

Question 23

Cilia

Answer 23

hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane

used to move the cell

Question 24

Eukaryotes

Answer 24

cells that have a nucleus (both animal and plant)

Question 25

Prokaryotes

Answer 25

cels that do not have a nucleus (Eubacteria,Archaebacteria) does not have organelles

Question 26

Matrix

Answer 26

liquid inside the mitochondria

Question 27

Cytoplasm

Answer 27

jellylike fluid inside the cell where organelles are suspended

Question 28

Chloroplast

Answer 28

organelle found in plant cell captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy

Question 29

Stroma

Answer 29

the liquid filled space surrounding the thylakoids in chloroplasts

Question 30

Granum

Answer 30

a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast stack of "coins"

Question 31

Thylakoids disk

Answer 31

"coin" in chloroplast make up granum

Question 32

Thylakoid space

Answer 32

space inside thylakoid

Question 33

Thylakoid membrane

Answer 33

photosynthetic membrane within a chloroplast contains light gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains membrane of thylakoid disk

Question 34

Endosymbiosis

Answer 34

origin of nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts two prokaryotes fused and evolved into a eukaryote

Question 35

Oxygen Revolution

Answer 35

time span of 2 billion to 400 million years in which photosynthetic autotrophs changed the composition of Earths atmosphere to its current oxygen rich mixture

Question 36

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 36

substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded of protein and polysaccharides covers cells and holds one cell to the next its how animal cells communicate