Unit 2 Esters, Fats & Oils

Question 1

Esters

Answer 1

Contain and Ester link -COO-
Made from condensation reaction of Alcohols and Carboxylic acids
Isomers of Carboxylic acids

Question 2

How to name esters

Answer 2

Split the ester link, the side with the double bond is acid and the Single O is the alcohol.

Alcohol name ends in -yl and goes first
Acid name ends in -oate

Question 3

When doing shortened structural formula for esters what goes first

Answer 3

Acid component first

Question 4

Properties of esters

Answer 4

Fruity smell
Non-polar
PD-PDI
Low B.P

Question 5

What happens when a ester is hydrolysed in a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 5

Produces an alcohol and carboxylic acid
Usually a base is need for hydrolysis to occur

Question 6

Saturation in fatty acids

Answer 6

The more double bonds the more unsaturated the fatty acid is.
For every 2H missing there is 1 double bond present

Question 7

What does mono & polyunsaturated mean

Answer 7

Mono is 1 C-C double bond
Poly is multiple C-C bonds

Question 8

How are edible oils and fats formed

Answer 8

Edible fats and oils are esters formed by the condensation of glycerol and 3 carboxylic acids

Question 9

Propan-1-2-3-triol

Answer 9

Glycerol

Question 10

Fat molecules

Answer 10

Saturated
Tightly packed which leads to more IMF’s resulting in a higher b.p

Question 11

Oil molecules

Answer 11

Unsaturated
Bends in the carbon chains which leads to less IMF’s between molecules resulting in a lower b.p

Question 12

Hydrogenation of Oils

Answer 12

Oil can be turned into hardened fats via partial hydrogenation
Unsaturation can be removed by adding Hydrogen but a catalyst is required