unit 2: genetics

Question 1

somatic cell

Answer 1

all body cells except egg and spemr

Question 2

karyotype

Answer 2

organized picture of chromosomes sorted big -> small

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

structure carrying genetic info

Question 4

dna

Answer 4

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 5

homologous chromosomes

Answer 5

carry the same genes

Question 6

allele

Answer 6

diff versions of a gene

Question 7

haploid

Answer 7

half number of chromosomes

Question 8

diploid

Answer 8

two sets of chromosomes

Question 9

meisosi

Answer 9

process of producing mature gametes

Question 10

key outcomes of meiosis

Answer 10

genetic red/recomp

Question 11

main outcomes of prophase I

Answer 11

synpasis
crossover

Question 12

synapsis

Answer 12

homologous chromosomes pair up

Question 13

crossover

Answer 13

homologous chromosomes exchange information

Question 14

spermatogenesis

Answer 14

regular meiosis, four mature sperm

Question 15

oogenesis

Answer 15

production of mature egg, ends with 2-3 polar bodies and 1 mature egg

Question 16

nondisjunction

Answer 16

the failure of some chromosomes to separate during anaphase I or II

Question 17

aneuploidy

Answer 17

not having correct number of chromosomes

Question 18

trisomy 21

Answer 18

down syndrome

Question 19

trisomy 18

Answer 19

edwards

Question 20

trisomy 13

Answer 20

patau

Question 21

XXY

Answer 21

klinefelters

Question 22

XYY

Answer 22

jacobs

Question 23

XXX

Answer 23

triple x

Question 24

XO

Answer 24

turners

Question 25

mutations

Answer 25

any change to the dna of a cell

Question 26

deletion

Answer 26

segment deleted from chromosome

Question 27

translocation

Answer 27

crossover between non homologous chromosomes

Question 28

inversion

Answer 28

section inverted 180*

Question 29

duplication

Answer 29

segment is repeated

Question 30

trait

Answer 30

genetic characteristic

Question 31

allele

Answer 31

alt forms of gene

Question 32

genotype

Answer 32

genetic makeup of an organism

Question 33

phentotype

Answer 33

the expressed trait

Question 34

homozygous

Answer 34

2 identical alleles

Question 35

heterozygous

Answer 35

2 different alleles

Question 36

law of segregation

Answer 36

each organism has 2 alleles for each trait, anaphase separates

Question 37

law of independent assortment

Answer 37

chromosomes have nothing to do w/ each other

Question 38

autosomal traits

Answer 38

set 1-22

Question 39

carrier

Answer 39

can only be a carrier for a recessive allele, carry but don't express

Question 40

sex linked traits

Answer 40

found on chromosome set 23

Question 41

incomplete dominance

Answer 41

intermediate

Question 42

codominance

Answer 42

both show

Question 43

antigens (gylcoproteins)

Answer 43

protein markers on blood

Question 44

antibodies

Answer 44

clump (agglutinatin) of unknown gylcoproteins