unit 3: evolution

Question 1

scientific theory

Answer 1

a gen statement that makes good predictions

Question 2

scientific hypothesis

Answer 2

statement that is a possible answer/explaination

Question 3

compte de buffon

Answer 3

species change over time, earth is more than 6000 years old

Question 4

mary anning

Answer 4

discovered first aquatic reptile fossil

Question 5

george cuvier

Answer 5

catastrophism

Question 6

lyell/hutton

Answer 6

uniformitarism, slow and continuous

Question 7

lamarck

Answer 7

inheritance of aquired traits, use/disuse

Question 8

thomas malthus

Answer 8

economist, limited resourcesa

Question 9

darwin

Answer 9

natural selection

Question 10

microevolution

Answer 10

change in allele freq

Question 11

natural selection

Answer 11

enviroment selects

variation in population
selective pressure
selective advantage
fitness

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

changes in structure of dna
provide new alleles, mutations can be positive, neutral, or harmful

Question 13

gene flow

Answer 13

migration, introduce new alleles to a gene pool

Question 14

genetic drift

Answer 14

opp of nat selection, founders effect bottle neck effecct

Question 15

conditions for hardy weinburg

Answer 15

no mutations
no migration
large gene pool
random mating
no selection

Question 16

hardy weinburg equillibrium

Answer 16

gene pool remains unchanged

Question 17

allele fixation

Answer 17

one allele is present, allele freq = 100%

Question 18

patterns of selection

Answer 18

sexual selection, natural selection

Question 19

sexual selection

Answer 19

mate selection based on phenotypes

Question 20

sexual dimorphism

Answer 20

difference characteristics between male/female

Question 21

intersexual selection

Answer 21

females choose mates

Question 22

intrasexual selection

Answer 22

competition amongst same sex to pas son dna

Question 23

stablizing selection

Answer 23

intermediate is favoured

Question 24

directional selection

Answer 24

favour one extremed

Question 25

disruptive

Answer 25

favour both extremes

Question 26

adaptation

Answer 26

any variation/trait that is common in a population as it increases fitness

Question 27

three types of adaptation

Answer 27

structural, behavioural, physiological

Question 28

structural adaptation

Answer 28

physical features

Question 29

camouflage

Answer 29

blends into environments

Question 30

mimicry

Answer 30

organism resembles another

Question 31

batesian mimicry

Answer 31

harmless pretends to be harmful

Question 32

mullerian mimicry

Answer 32

harmful and other harmful look similar

Question 33

behavioural

Answer 33

what we do to survive

Question 34

physiological

Answer 34

biochem procesess in body

Question 35

macroevolution

Answer 35

formation of new species

Question 36

allopatric speciation

Answer 36

geographic barrier

Question 37

sympatric speciation

Answer 37

live in the same area w/o geographic isolation

Question 38

prezygotic isolating mechanisms

Answer 38

behavioural temporal habitat gametic isolation mechanic

Question 39

behavioural

Answer 39

different species use different courtship

Question 40

temporal

Answer 40

different species breed at different times

Question 41

habitat/ecological

Answer 41

very similar species occupy different habitats

Question 42

gametic isolation

Answer 42

sperm cannot reognize and fertilize egg biochem --> lock and key chem --> ph

Question 43

post zygotic mechanism

Answer 43

zygotic mortality, hybrid breakdown, hybrid infertility

Question 44

4 patterns of evolution

Answer 44

divergent, convergent, coevolution, parllel

Question 45

gradualism model

Answer 45

species gradually evolve

Question 46

puncutation equillibrium

Answer 46

one sudden change

Question 47

adaptive radiation

Answer 47

fast divergent evolution resulting in many species

Question 48

sources of evidence of evolution

Answer 48

1. fossil records 2. biogeography 3. anatomy 4. embryology 5. DNA evidence

Question 49

transitional fossils

Answer 49

intermediary fossils that link

Question 50

vestigial structures

Answer 50

useless structures that were once functional but not anymore

Question 51

biogeography

Answer 51

geographically close areas have closer related species

Question 52

homologous structures

Answer 52

structuees that share a common origin

Question 53

analogous structures

Answer 53

structures similar in function but different in origin

Question 54

embrylogy

Answer 54

similar embryonic development

Question 55

biochemical evidence

Answer 55

more similar dna more closely related