unit 4: internal systems

Question 1

oxygenated blood in heart path

Answer 1

left & right pulmonary vein
left atrium
left atrioventricular valve
left ventrical
aortic semi lunar valve
aorta

Question 2

deoxygenated blood in heart path

Answer 2

sup/inf vena cava
right atrium
right atrioventricular valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semi lunar valve
left & right pulmonary arteries

Question 3

respiratory system path

Answer 3

epiglottis
larynx
trachea
l&r bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

Question 4

arteries vs capillaries vs veins

(function, direction of blood flow, size of lumen, middle layer, special features, relative pressure, common examples, mainly carries what type of blood and exceptions)

Answer 4

arterties:
carry away
away from heart
smaller lumen
thick elastic
very elastic and strong
high pressure
aorta, pulmonary arteries
mainly oxygenated except pulmonary

capillaries
allow diffusion
away/to heart
tiny size of a red blood cell
no middle layer
one cell thick
high pressure

veins:
carry blood to
to heart
larger lumen
thin and flimsy
has valves to prevent back flow
low pressure
pulmonary vein, inf/sup vena cava
deoxy except pulmonary

Question 5

why do we get rid of breath

Answer 5

get rid of co2
supply cells w/ oxygen

Question 6

how many times do you breathe in one minute

Answer 6

12-15

Question 7

what increases breathing rate

Answer 7

medulla oblongata
increased co2 and lowerd o2

Question 8

inspiration

Answer 8

diaphram and intercostal muscles contract

pressure is decreased to increase volume

Question 9

expiration

Answer 9

diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax

increase pressure to decrease volume and push air out

Question 10

oxygen transport

Answer 10

hemoglobin attaches
dissolved in plasma

Question 11

co2 transport

Answer 11

dissolved in plasma, hemoglobin, bicarbonate

Question 12

breathing

Answer 12

exchange between air and lungs

Question 13

external repsiration

Answer 13

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and blood

Question 14

internal respiration

Answer 14

co2 and o2 between blood and tissue cells

Question 15

cellular respiration

Answer 15

cells releasing the chem energy in glucose into useful energy

Question 16

blood pressure

Answer 16

pressure exerted on the walls of the heart vessels

Question 17

systolic

Answer 17

ventricles contract and bp increases

Question 18

diastolic

Answer 18

ventricles relax, bp decreases

Question 19

what can affect bp

Answer 19

genetics
diet
stress

Question 20

hypertension

Answer 20

elevated blood pressure
> 140/90 mttg

Question 21

carbohydrates

Answer 21

compounds of carbon hydrogen oxygen

monosacchride
disaccharide
polysacharide

Question 22

monosaccharides

Answer 22

simplest carb
single ring

glucose
galatose
fructose

Question 23

draw a glucose

Answer 23

down down up down

Question 24

draw a galactose

Answer 24

down down up up

Question 25

draw a fructose

Answer 25

pentagon

Question 26

disaccharides

Answer 26

double sugars two sugars two monosaccharides bonded

Question 27

maltose

Answer 27

glucose + glucose

Question 28

lactose

Answer 28

galactose + glucose

Question 29

sucrose

Answer 29

glucose + fructose

Question 30

polysaccharides

Answer 30

many sugars

Question 31

starch

Answer 31

many straight right side up glucoses

Question 32

cellulose

Answer 32

alternate up and down glucose

Question 33

glycogen

Answer 33

branched out glucoses, easy access

Question 34

lipids

Answer 34

fats, called triglycerides

Question 35

triglycerides

Answer 35

made up of a glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 36

saturated fat structure

Answer 36

no double bonds between c's butter, animal fat

Question 37

unsaturated fat structure

Answer 37

double bond between c's monounsaturated = 1 double bond polyunsaturated = >1 double bond liquids

Question 38

proteins structure

Answer 38

polypeptides --> tri/dipeptides --> amino acids

Question 39

condensation synthesis reaction

Answer 39

bonding together

Question 40

hydrolosis

Answer 40

breaking apart

Question 41

protein levels of organization

Answer 41

primary protein secondary protein tertiary protein quaternary protein

Question 42

nucleic acid

Answer 42

dna/rna broken down into nucleotides

Question 43

carbs role

Answer 43

quick energy

Question 44

lipids role

Answer 44

long term source of energy, insuklation, making hormones, cell membranes

Question 45

protein role

Answer 45

structure, enzymes, hemoglobin, transport mat aross cells

Question 46

benedicts test

Answer 46

monosaccharides, simple sugars turns yellow/orange

Question 47

lugol iodine

Answer 47

starch dark blue

Question 48

biuret

Answer 48

protein lilac

Question 49

translucent paper test

Answer 49

lipids paper stays translucent

Question 50

enzymes

Answer 50

help speed up digestion reactions, biological catalysts, enzymes can be repeatedly reused specialized proteins

Question 51

substrate

Answer 51

what the enzyme binds to

Question 52

enzyme

Answer 52

biological catalyst

Question 53

product

Answer 53

what is made at the end

Question 54

active site

Answer 54

where the substrate binds to

Question 55

factors impacting enzyme activity

Answer 55

high temp low or high ph

Question 56

denature

Answer 56

protein unravels and doesn't work

Question 57

mouth ph

Answer 57

7

Question 58

stomach ph

Answer 58

2

Question 59

small intenstine ph

Answer 59

8

Question 60

avg amt of blood in their circulator system

Answer 60

4-6 litres

Question 61

how much blood does our heart pump

Answer 61

5000 ml/min

Question 62

cardiac output

Answer 62

volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute

Question 63

cardiac output equation

Answer 63

cardiac output = stroke volume x heartbeat

Question 64

stroke volume

Answer 64

amount of blood the heart pushes per beat

Question 65

what impacts stroke volume

Answer 65

elasticity of ventricles strength of ventricular contractions cardiovascular fitness

Question 66

heart rate

Answer 66

number of times the heartbeats per minute

Question 67

steps to generating a heartbeat

Answer 67

SA node triggers atria to contract, atria contracts and triggers av node, triggers bundle of his --> bundle branches --> purkenje fibres --> causes ventricle to contract

Question 68

pqrst wave

Answer 68

p : sa node fires qrs : av node fires --> bundle of his, purkenje fibre t wave : ventricles relax --> recovery

Question 69

tachycardia

Answer 69

>100 bpm

Question 70

bradycardia

Answer 70

<60 bpm

Question 71

how to find heart rate

Answer 71

300/big boxes between r waves

Question 72

amylase

Answer 72

starch --> maltase

Question 73

pepsin

Answer 73

polypetide --> shorter peptide chains

Question 74

hydrochloric acid

Answer 74

denatures proteinsb

Question 75

bile

Answer 75

emulsifies fat

Question 76

bicarbonate

Answer 76

turns chyme more basic

Question 77

lipase

Answer 77

trigylceride --> glycerol + 3 fatty acids

Question 78

maltase

Answer 78

maltose --> 2 glucose

Question 79

sucrase

Answer 79

sucrose --> glucose + fructose

Question 80

galactose

Answer 80

--> glucose + galactose

Question 81

peptidase

Answer 81

tri/dipeptide --> amino acid