UNIT 2- PARKINSON'S DISEASE Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is Parkinson’s disease?
It is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease of the CNS manifesting primarily in motor dysfunction
What is the typical age range for Parkinson’s disease dx?
40-70 years of age
What causes PD?
1.Exact cause is unknown
2. Possibly a result between environmental factors and a person genetic make up
3. Risk also increases by well water, pesticides, herbicides, industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, Rual residence
What is atypical PD? and what are possible causes?
- Atypical PD is caused by various factors causing PD like s/s however once factors are treated or removed than the s/s improve and it deemed atypical PD. In true PD the s/s would not reside.
Possible causes include
1. Exposure to chemicals
2. Drug induced
3. Others
True or false: In PD patients will shake their heads as part of the tremors?
False- In PD people don’t shake their heads.
What is the patho of PD?
- Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in substantia nigria of midbrain.
- Disrupts dopamine-acetylcholine balance in basal ganglia
- Essential for normal functioning of extrapyramidal motor system
When do clinical symptoms appear in PD?
Clinical symptoms appear with 60% neuron loss and 80% dopamine decrease
What are the clinical manifestations of PD? Think TRAP
T- Tremors (resting)
R- Rigidity
A- Akinesia/Bradykinesia
P- postural instability
What is the onset of symptoms like in PD?
Gradual and insidious w/ongoing progression
What are beginning stages of PD s/s?
- Mild tremor (resting),
2.slight limp,
3.decreased arm swing
What are the later stage s/s of PD?
- Shuffling
- Propulsive gait with arms fixed
- Loss of postural reflexes
Which increases drooling, aspiration risk, mask like facial feature
What should we know about PD tremors?
- Resting tremor/pill rolling hand tremor
- Often 1st sign of PD
- More prominent at rest
- Aggravated by emotional stress and increased concentration
What other areas can PD tremors effect in later stages?
- Diaphragm
- Tongue
- Lips
- Jaw may be involved
What should we know about rigidity in PD?
- Increased resistance to passive motion when limbs are moved through ROM
- Sustained muscle contraction
-Complaints of muscle soreness
-Feeling achy or tired
-pain in the head, upper body , spine or legs. - Slowness of movment
What is cogwheel rigidity?
Jerky quality- like intermittent catches in passive movement of a join
What is akinesia?
Absence or loss of control of voluntary muscle movements
What is bradykinesia?
Slowness of movement, particularly evident in the loss of automatic movements
What are classic s/s of PD?
- Stooped posture
- Masked face
- Drooling
- Festination (shuffling gate)
What are some non-motor manufacturers of PD?
- Depression and anxiety
- Apathy
- Fatigue
- Pain
- Urinary retention and constipation (bladder/bowel retraining)
- erectile dysfunction
- Memory changes (dementia)
What are sleep manifestations of PD?
Sleep problems are common
1. Difficulty staying asleep
2. Restless sleep
3. Nightmares
4. Drowsiness during the day
5. REM behavior disorder
-Violent dreams
-Potentially dangerous motor activity during sleep.
What are some complications of PD?
- Motor symptoms
- Weakness
- Akinesia
- Neurologic problems
- Neuropsychiatric problems
Complications INCREASE as the disease progresses
What sets Parkinson’s disease apart from other neurodegenerative diseases?
- Parkinsonian Dementia
True or False: Dysphagia is not common in PD?
- False- Dysphagia can happen with PD and increases the likelihood of malnutrition or aspiration
General debilitation in PD may lead to?
- Pneumonia, UTI’s, skin breakdown
