Unit 2 Quiz 1

Question 1

Behavior genetics

Answer 1

Studies how genes and environment influence behavior.
(Synonym: genetic psychology; Antonym: environmental determinism)

Question 2

Eugenics

Answer 2

Belief in improving human population by controlled breeding.
(Synonym: selective breeding; Antonym: genetic diversity)

Question 3

Monozygotic Twins

Answer 3

Identical twins from one fertilized egg.
(Synonym: identical twins; Antonym: dizygotic twins)

Question 4

Dizygotic twins

Answer 4

Fraternal twins from two fertilized eggs.
(Synonym: fraternal twins; Antonym: monozygotic twins)

Question 5

Epigenetics

Answer 5

Study of how environment changes gene expression without altering DNA.
(Synonym: gene expression; Antonym: genetic determinism)

Question 6

Twin studies versus adoption studies

Answer 6

( nature-nature issue? )
Compare genetics vs. environment on traits using twins and adopted individuals.
(Synonym: behavioral studies; Antonym: single-subject studies)

Question 7

Central Nervous System

Answer 7

Brain and spinal cord controlling body functions.
(Synonym: CNS; Antonym: peripheral nervous system)

Question 8

Peripheral Nervous system

Answer 8

Connects CNS to limbs and organs.
(Synonym: PNS; Antonym: central nervous system)

Question 9

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 9

Controls involuntary functions like heartbeat, digestion.
(Synonym: involuntary system; Antonym: somatic nervous system)

Question 10

Somatic Nervous system

Answer 10

Controls voluntary muscle movements.
(Synonym: voluntary system; Antonym: autonomic nervous system)

Question 11

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 11

Activates “fight or flight” response.
(Synonym: stress response; Antonym: parasympathetic nervous system)

Question 12

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 12

Calms the body after stress.
(Synonym: rest and digest; Antonym: sympathetic nervous system)

Question 13

Reflex arc

Answer 13

Automatic nerve response to a stimulus.
(Synonym: automatic response; Antonym: voluntary response)

Question 14

Neurons

Answer 14

Nerve cell that transmits signals.
(Synonym: nerve cell; Antonym: glial cell)

Question 15

Glial cells

Answer 15

Support and protect neurons.
(Synonym: support cells; Antonym: neuron)

Question 16

Refractory principle

Answer 16

Period when a neuron can’t fire again immediately.
(Synonym: recovery phase; Antonym: active phase)

Question 17

Threshold

Answer 17

Minimum stimulus needed to trigger a neuron.
(Synonym: activation point; Antonym: subthreshold)

Question 18

Depolarization

Answer 18

Neuron’s charge changes, leading to action potential.
(Synonym: charge reversal; Antonym: polarization)

Question 19

Resting potential

Answer 19

Stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron.
(Synonym: resting state; Antonym: action potential)

Question 20

Reuptake

Answer 20

Neurotransmitters reabsorbed by neuron after signaling.
(Synonym: neurotransmitter recycling; Antonym: release)

Question 21

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 21

Disease damaging myelin in CNS.
(Synonym: MS; Antonym: healthy nervous system)

Question 22

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 22

Autoimmune disease weakening muscles.
(Synonym: muscle weakness; Antonym: muscle strength)

Question 23

Motor neurons

Answer 23

Transmit signals from CNS to muscles.
(Synonym: efferent neurons; Antonym: sensory neurons)

Question 24

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

Answer 24

Transmit sensory information to CNS.
(Synonym: afferent neurons; Antonym: motor neurons)

Question 25

Sensory neurons

Answer 25

Increases likelihood of neuron firing. (Synonym: activator; Antonym: inhibitory neurotransmitter)

Question 26

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 26

Decreases likelihood of neuron firing. (Synonym: suppressor; Antonym: excitatory neurotransmitter)

Question 27

Dopamine

Answer 27

Neurotransmitter for reward and pleasure. (Synonym: pleasure chemical; Antonym: serotonin)

Question 28

Serotonin

Answer 28

Neurotransmitter affecting mood, sleep, appetite. (Synonym: mood stabilizer; Antonym: dopamine)

Question 29

Norepinephrine

Answer 29

Neurotransmitter for alertness and stress response. (Synonym: noradrenaline; Antonym: acetylcholine)

Question 30

Glutamate

Answer 30

Main excitatory neurotransmitter. (Synonym: activator; Antonym: GABA)

Question 31

GABA

Answer 31

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter. (Synonym: relaxant; Antonym: glutamate)

Question 32

Substance P

Answer 32

Neurotransmitter for pain transmission. (Synonym: pain signaler; Antonym: endorphins)

Question 33

Endorphins

Answer 33

Natural painkillers released by the body. (Synonym: pain relievers; Antonym: substance P)

Question 34

Acetylcholine

Answer 34

Neurotransmitter for muscle movement and memory. (Synonym: ACh; Antonym: norepinephrine)

Question 35

Hormones

Answer 35

Chemical messengers regulating body processes. (Synonym: body regulators; Antonym: enzymes)

Question 36

Pituitary gland

Answer 36

Master gland controlling hormones. (Synonym: master gland; Antonym: thyroid gland)

Question 37

Adrenaline

Answer 37

Hormone for "fight or flight" response. (Synonym: epinephrine; Antonym: melatonin)

Question 38

Leptin

Answer 38

Hormone that reduces hunger. (Synonym: appetite suppressor; Antonym: ghrelin)

Question 39

Ghrelin

Answer 39

Hormone that increases hunger. (Synonym: hunger hormone; Antonym: leptin)

Question 40

Melatonin

Answer 40

Hormone regulating sleep-wake cycles. (Synonym: sleep hormone; Antonym: adrenaline)

Question 41

Oxytocin

Answer 41

Hormone for bonding and trust. (Synonym: bonding hormone; Antonym: cortisol)