unit 2- research and statistics

Question 1

basic research

Answer 1

builds psychology’s knowledge

Question 2

applied research

Answer 2

application of existing knowledge in the real world

Question 3

theories

Answer 3

organized sets of concepts that explain phenomenon

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

prediction of how 2 or more factors are likely to be related

Question 5

replication

Answer 5

repetition of the methods used in a previous experiment to see whether the same methods will yield the same results

Question 6

reliability

Answer 6

consistency or repeatability of results

Question 7

validity

Answer 7

extent to which an instrument measures or predicts what it is supposed to measure or predict

Question 8

case study

Answer 8

examine one person or group in depth

Question 9

naturalistic observation

Answer 9

describes behavior in its most natural state without interference or intervention

Question 10

survey

Answer 10

self-report data, questions influenced by wording

Question 11

Random sampling

Answer 11

gives every member of a population, an equal chance of being selected from the sample

Question 12

double blind procedure

Answer 12

when neither the participant or researcher knows who receives the treatment or placebo

Question 13

single blind procedure

Answer 13

when participants, don’t know if they get the treatment or placebo

Question 14

descriptive statistics

Answer 14

describe sets of data

Question 15

Inferential statistics

Answer 15

draw conclusions about the sets of data

Question 16

mean

Answer 16

average value

Question 17

median

Answer 17

middle value

Question 18

Mode

Answer 18

occurs most

Question 19

Range

Answer 19

difference between largest score and smallest score

Question 20

Standard deviation

Answer 20

how scores very around the mean score

Question 21

statistical significance

Answer 21

how likely that a result occurred by chance (p value less than 0.05)

Question 22

Ethics

Answer 22

American psychological association establishes ethical codes

Question 23

institutional review board (irb)

Answer 23

review proposals for research, approval needed for experiment

Question 24

institutional animal care and use committee

Answer 24

ensures that highest animal welfare standards are maintained

Question 25

informed consent

Answer 25

all subjects given necessary information to decide to participate in study or not

Question 26

debriefing

Answer 26

experimenter tells the subject more information about the studies, purpose and procedures, after the study is completed

Question 27

independent variable

Answer 27

The factor the researcher manipulates in a controlled experiment

Question 28

dependent variable

Answer 28

The behavior or mental process that is measured in an experiment

Question 29

Population

Answer 29

all of the individuals in the group to which the study applies

Question 30

experimental group

Answer 30

the treatment group

Question 31

control group

Answer 31

the comparison group

Question 32

random assignment

Answer 32

randomly assigning participants to the control group or experimental group to help establish cause-and-effect. It would eliminate or reduce the impact of specific individual differences/confounding variables in a study.

Question 33

confounding variable

Answer 33

A factor, other than the factor being studied that might influence the studies results

Question 34

operational

Answer 34

A description of the specific procedure used to determine the presence of a variable

Question 35

experimenter bias

Answer 35

researchers expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained

Question 36

Placebo effect

Answer 36

seems to be a “real” medical treatment, but isn’t

Question 37

Positive correlation

Answer 37

variables move in the same direction if one increases, so does the other

Question 38

negative correlation

Answer 38

variables move in opposite directions, if one increases the other decreases

Question 39

experiment

Answer 39

manipulation of an independent variable, under controlled conditions, and measurements of its affects on a dependent variable

Question 40

quasi experiment

Answer 40

measurement of a dependent variable, when random assignment to groups is not possible

Question 41

naturalistic observation

Answer 41

careful observations of humans or animals in real life situations