Unit 2 Topic 4

Question 1

What makes up the outer tunic of the eye?

Answer 1

cornea and sclera

Question 2

What is the structure of the cornea?

Answer 2

avascular and transparent due to 17 orthogonal arrangment of collagen fiber; layer of nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 3

What is the primary refractive element of the eye?

Answer 3

cornea

Question 4

What is the structure of the sclera?

Answer 4

dense connective tissue with collagen fibers running in various directions and interspersed elastic fibers

Question 5

What is the main function of the outer tunic?

Answer 5

supportive

Question 6

What is the main function of the middle tunic?

Answer 6

vascular

Question 7

Where is the choroid located?

Answer 7

between the sclera and the retina

Question 8

What part of the eye is primarily WBCs in loose connective tissue?

Answer 8

Choroid

Question 9

What is Burch’s membrane?

Answer 9

contains collagen and elastin; assists in refraction between the pigmented layer and the retina

Question 10

What is the contractile diapraghm that controls the amount of light that enters the eye?

Answer 10

Iris

Question 11

What is the thickened anterior portion of the vascular coat located between the iris and choroid?

Answer 11

Ciliary body

Question 12

What is the lens connected to and how is it connected?

Answer 12

ciliary body; zona occludens holds the lens

Question 13

What produces the aqueous humor?

Answer 13

ciliary body

Question 14

How is the lens transparent?

Answer 14

due to intracellular crystallins

Question 15

Is the lens vascular or avascular?

Answer 15

avascular

Question 16

What is the superficial pigmented layer that absorbs light to precent reflection and has long microvilli?

Answer 16

retina

Question 17

Where is the photosensitive region with cells located?

Answer 17

deep neural layer of the retina

Question 18

What part of the eye is highly vascularized connective tissue with stromal melanocytes and fibroblasts?

Answer 18

iris

Question 19

What controls eye color?

Answer 19

melanocytes

Question 20

What is the sphincter papillae?

Answer 20

smooth muscle that facilitates constriction through PNS innervation and found at the pupillary margin

Question 21

What are the 2 fused layers of the Iris?

Answer 21

-anterior epithelium of myoepithelial cells that constitutes the dilator papillae muscle that facilitates dilation by SNS innervation
-posterior highly pigmented epithelium that blocks light not coming from the pupil

Question 22

What is the watery juice in the anterior and posterior chamber that is constantly in production and resorption?

Answer 22

aqueous humor

Question 23

What drains the aqueous humor?

Answer 23

drained by Canal of Schlemm into the venous system

Question 24

Viterous Humor

Answer 24

gelatinous cushion in viterous chamber or posterior segment

Question 25

What produces the viterous humor?

Answer 25

non pigmented cells of the ciliary body

Question 26

What is the function of the viterous humor?

Answer 26

diffues pressure by acting as a shock absorber and distributes force

Question 27

What is the path of light through the eye?

Answer 27

-inner limiting membrane -Nerve fiber layer -Layer of ganglion cells -Inner plexiform -Inner nuclear layer -Outer plexiform -Outer nuclear layer -Outer limiting membrane -Photoreceptive -Retinal pigment epithelium

Question 28

Where is the crista ampullaris located?

Answer 28

located in ampulla of the semicircular canals of the inner ear

Question 29

What is the function of the crista ampullaris?

Answer 29

-sense angular movements of the head -signal transduction through mechanically gated channels following hair cell movement

Question 30

What is the thing in the crista ampullaris that helps with signal transduction?

Answer 30

hair cells with stereocillia within three semicircular ducts

Question 31

Where is the maculae located?

Answer 31

in the utricle and saccule of the vestibule of the inner ear

Question 32

What is the mechanism for maculae?

Answer 32

hair cells with stereocilia; otoliths drag stereocilia

Question 33

What is the function of maculae?

Answer 33

sense gravity and linear acceleration

Question 34

Where is the organ of corti located?

Answer 34

located in the cochlea of the inner ear

Question 35

What is the function of the organ of corti?

Answer 35

signal transduction

Question 36

Where is the endolymph located?

Answer 36

is located in the membranous labyrinth of Scala media

Question 37

Where is the perilymph?

Answer 37

contained within the bony membrane of the scala vestibuli and scala tympani

Question 38

How are mechanical sound waves transduced?

Answer 38

Signal transuction occurs in the spinal organ/ organ of Corti on the floor of the scala media -The basilar membrane moves up in response to perilymph movement in the scala tympani -Taller stereocilia of outer hair cells within the endolymph displace -Ion channels open and K enters the hair cell depolarization -Hair cells release neurotransmitters at the basal domain -The cochlear nerve depolarization or hyperpolarized