Unit 4 Topic 1

Question 1

Capsule

Answer 1

outer layer of connective tissue

Question 2

Cortex

Answer 2

outer region containing glomeruli

Question 3

Medulla

Answer 3

inner region containing renal pyramids

Question 4

Lobe

Answer 4

pyramid + associated cortical tissue adjacent

Question 5

Lobule

Answer 5

cortical labyrinth and central medullary ray

Question 6

Cortical Labyrinth

Answer 6

area with glomeruli and closest tubule

Question 7

Central medullary artery

Answer 7

area with only renal tubules

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

high pressure capillary

Question 9

Glomerular/Bowman’s capsule

Answer 9

structrual support surrounding the glomerulus

Question 10

Glomerular/Bowman’s Space

Answer 10

collects filtrate

Question 11

What is the sequence of the renal tubule?

Answer 11

proximal convoluted tubule–>Nephron Loop–>Collecting Duct

Question 12

Sequence the Nephron Loop

Answer 12

Descending thick–>Descending Thin–>Ascending Thin–>Ascending Thick

Question 13

What cells line the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 13

simple columnar epithelium

Question 14

What cells line the descending thick segment?

Answer 14

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 15

What cells line the descending thin segment?

Answer 15

simple squamous

Question 16

What cells line the ascending thin segment?

Answer 16

simple squamous

Question 17

What cells line the ascending thick segment?

Answer 17

simple cuboidal

Question 18

What cells line the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 18

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 19

What cells line the collecting duct?

Answer 19

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 20

What makes up 85% of nephrons?

Answer 20

cortical nephrons

Question 21

What makes up the majority of nephrons in the cortex?

Answer 21

cortical nephrons

Question 22

What makes up 15% of nephrons?

Answer 22

juxtamedullary

Question 23

What do the juxtamedullary nephrons dip into?

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

What is the function of the juxtamedullary nephron?

Answer 24

concentrates urine

Question 25

What capillaries follow convoluted tubules?

Answer 25

peritubular capillaries

Question 26

What type of capillary is found in the cortex?

Answer 26

peritubular

Question 27

What type of capillary is found primarily in the medulla?

Answer 27

vasa recta

Question 28

What does the vasa recta capillary follow?

Answer 28

nephron loop of juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 29

What are the components of the filtration membrane?

Answer 29

fenestrated epithelium, basal lamina, and podocyte

Question 30

What is the purpose of the fenestrated epithelium?

Answer 30

allows solutes to pass, but not larger cells or large plasma proteins

Question 31

What is the purpose of the basal lamina in the filtration membrane?

Answer 31

repels negatively charged solutes/molecules because it is negatively charged

Question 32

What is the basal lamina of the filtration membrane made out of?

Answer 32

type III collagen

Question 33

What is the purpose of the podocyte in the filtration membrane?

Answer 33

foot processes create slit membranes that prevent filtration of medium-sized proteins

Question 34

What regulates what is released from blood using the filtration membrane?

Answer 34

glomerular filtration

Question 35

What removes substance from the blood and adds back to the tubules?

Answer 35

tubular secretion

Question 36

Does tubular secretion occur along the length of the tubule?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

What removes substances from the tubules and adds back to the blood?

Answer 37

tubular reabsorbtion

Question 38

Does tubular reabsorbtion occur along the length of the tubule?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 39

reabsorbtion

Question 40

What is the difference in the proximal convoluted tubule epithelium and distal convoluted tubule epithelium?

Answer 40

simple columnar in proximal; simple cuboidal in distal

Question 41

What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 41

regulates K, Na, and NaCl

Question 42

What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Answer 42

maintains blood pressure and to act as a quality control mechanisim to endure proper glomerular flow rate and efficent sodium reabsorption

Question 43

What is the path of urine once it leaves the collecting duct?

Answer 43

collecting duct-->Ureter-->Bladder

Question 44

What does the descending limb of the nephron loop do to urine?

Answer 44

concentrates urine

Question 45

What does the ascending limb of the nephron loop due to urine?

Answer 45

dilutes urine

Question 46

What limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water and impermeable to solutes?

Answer 46

descending limb

Question 47

What limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water and permeable to solutes?

Answer 47

ascending limb

Question 48

What removes solutes and water from the nephron loop to maintain the gradient?

Answer 48

vasa recta

Question 49

What is highly sensitive to hormones and uses the gradient?

Answer 49

collecting duct