Unit 2.1

Question 1

Articulation joint

Answer 1

Contact between components of the skeletal system

Question 2

Arthrology

Answer 2

The study of joints

Question 3

Arthritis

Answer 3

Inflammation of joints

Question 4

Joint stability is related to

Answer 4

Shape of the articulating surfaces
Type of intervening connective tissue
Extrascapular connective tissue (fibrous joint capsule, ligament)
Intrascapular connective tissue (internal ligaments and cartilages)
Muscle mass surrounding of a joint

Question 5

Range of motion is dependent on

Answer 5

Joint structure and the class of lever created at the joint

Question 6

Levers are classified to where the fulcrum lies sig respect to the points of

Answer 6

Resistance and applied force

Question 7

The 3 classes of levers are

Answer 7

1st class with fulcrum in the middle with force and resistance on either side side, applied force is inferiorly directed (scissor)
2nd class with the resistance in the middle (effort on one end with securely directed) applied force and fulcrum at base- wheelbarrow
3rd class with the width effort in the middle (resistance at one end) and fulcrum at base- tweezers

Question 8

Which class is most joints of the body

Answer 8

3rd

Question 9

Hinge joints
relationship between mobility and stability
As range of motion increases,

Answer 9

transmit force toward or away from a joint
There is an inverse relationship
Stability of joint decreases

Question 10

How to classify joints

Answer 10

Two ways- by intervening material (CT, cartilage, fluid) and according to degree of movement

Question 11

Classification according to inverning material and examples

Answer 11

Fibrous connective tissue (fibrous syntharthrosis- sutures of skull, fibrous amphiarthrosis- interosseous membrane)
Cartilage as connective tissue
(Fibrocartilage -intervertebral disc, hyaline cartilage- costochondral junction and epihyseal plate)
Synovial fluid as an intervening material ( found in joints of shoulder, elbow, writs, hand, hip, knee, ankle, and foot)

Question 12

Classification according to degree of movement and examples

Answer 12

Synarthroses- a fastened joint, no movements allowed (sutural joint in skull)
Amphiarthosis- a surrounded joint, some movement allowed (pubic symphysis)
Diaryhroses- a two piece joint, joint is freely moveable but limited (shoulder and knee)

Question 13

Relationship between types of classification
Fibrous->
Cartilage->
Synovial->

Answer 13

Syntharosis, amphiarothosis

Syntharosis, amphiarothosis
Diaryhrosis

Question 14

Fibrous joints have _ between the articulating surfaces

Answer 14

Fibrous tissue

Question 15

Fibrous, connective, tissues, also known as

Answer 15

Collagen, dense connective tissue

Question 16

Fibrous joints have what type of movement

Answer 16

Synarthrosis and amphiathrosis

Question 17

Cartilaginous joints have cartilage between the

Answer 17

Articular surfaces

Question 18

Cartilaginous joints have what type of movement

Answer 18

Syntharosis, amphiarothosis

Question 19

Syntharosis Cartilaginous joints (epiphyseal plate) are made of

Answer 19

Hyaline cartilage

Question 20

amphiarothosis cartilaginous joint (symphysis pubis) is made of

Answer 20

Fibrocartilage

Question 21

synovial joints have _ between articulating surfaces

Answer 21

Synovial fluid

Question 22

Synovial joints have what type of movement

Answer 22

Diarthrotic but limited by shape of articular surfaces, intracapsular, and extracapsular ligaments in the joint capsule

Question 23

All synovial joints are
all diarthrotic joints are

Answer 23

Disrthrotic joints
Synovial joints

Question 24

Types of diarthroses joints

Answer 24

Gliding-plantar
Hinge- gynglimus
Pivot- trochoid
Ellipsoidal- condyloid
Saddle- sellar
Ball and socket- spheroidea

Question 25

Gliding- plantar Example Characteristic

Answer 25

Two flat articulating surface glide over one another How a short bone of the carpet articulates within an adjacent articulating surface (face) of another carpal bone They are uniaxialor and uniplanar and they function and sagittal and transverse planes

Question 26

Hinge- gynglimus Example Characteristic

Answer 26

Cup surface fits into a peg -door hinge How the trochlea of the humerus sits in the trochlear notch of the ulna They are uniaxial (uniplanar) and they function in the sagittal plane

Question 27

Pivot - trochoid Example Characteristic

Answer 27

Peg fits into a circle, allows for rotation How the head of the radius fits into the radial notch of the ulna They are and uniaxial (uniplanar) they function in the transverse and horizontal plane

Question 28

Ellipsoidal- condyloid Example Characteristic

Answer 28

Oval surface articulates on a depression How the head of a metacarpal fits into the depressed surface base of a phalanx They are biaxial (biplanar) and they function in the sagittal and horizontal planes

Question 29

Saddle-sellar Example Characteristic

Answer 29

Saddle shaped surfaces, inverted and stacked When the trapezium of carpals contacts, the proximal base end of metacarpal one They are biaxial (biplanar) function of the sagittal and frontal planes with relative freedom of movement

Question 30

Ball and socket- spheroidea Example Characteristic

Answer 30

A ball fits into a socket, cup When the head of the humerus contacts the glenoid fossa of the scapula They are multiaxial (mulitplanar) and they function in three planes and can perform multiple actions

Question 31

Examples of all six diarthrosisjoints

Answer 31

Gliding- zygapophyseal joint Hinge- elbow (humeral ulnar joint), knee joint (femoral tibial joint) Pivot- atlantal axial joint, radio ulnar joint Ellipsoid- metacarpal phalangeal joints Saddle- carpometacarpal joint of thumb Ball and socket joint- shoulder joint (glenohumeral)