Unit 2.2

Question 1

Myoblast
Myocyte

Answer 1

Immature muscle cell
Mature muscle cell

Question 2

Sacrolemma
Sacroplasm

Answer 2

Layer or sheet, used to indicate a muscle cell membrane
Cellular fluid, used to indicate the unique cellular fluid found in myoctyes

Question 3

Classification of muscle tissue

Answer 3

Appearance, type, innervation (neural control)

Question 4

Striated muscles _ protein
Nonstriated _ proteins

Answer 4

Have
Don’t have

Question 5

Cardiac muscle is known as

Answer 5

Myocardium

Question 6

Skeletal nervous system
Cardiac
Smooth

Answer 6

Somatic motor
Autonomic
Autonomic

Question 7

Nuclei?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Answer 7

Many per muscle cell
2-3 per muscle cell
1 per muscle cell

Question 8

Voluntary muscles
Involuntary muscles

Answer 8

Skeletal
Smooth and cardiac

Question 9

Functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

Produce skeletal movement
Maintains posture and body position
Supports and protects organs
Guards entrances and exits of the body
Maintains body temperature

Question 10

Formation of skeletal muscle
Myoblasts coalesce in embryonic
Myoblasts fuse to one another to create a
Some myoblasts are retained in the surface of muscle fibers and will aid in
Mature muscle fibers are

Answer 10

Mesoderm
Linear long muscle
Repair of muscle
Multinucleated due to this development process

Question 11

Muscle fibers coalesce to create
Muscle fibers within a muscle fascicle are connected to one another by
Muscle fascicle coalesce to create
Muscle fascicle within a muscle are connected to one another by

Answer 11

Fascicles
Endomysium
Individual muscles
Perimysuim

Question 12

Individual muscles organize and migrate down the limb bud together to form
Individual muscles are surrounded by a
Muscles within muscle compartments have

Answer 12

Muscle compartments
Connective tissue termed epimysuim
Have related actions

Question 13

Epimysuim
Perimysuim
Endomysuim

Answer 13

Around the entire muscle
Between muscle fascicle
Between individual muscle fibers

Question 14

One muscle fiber consists of many
Runs the entire length of the cell and shorten the cell during contraction
Each muscle fiber is surrounded by a _ which navigates to form an internal membrane _

Answer 14

Myofibrils
Myofibers
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

SR’s communicate with transverse tubules and end as
Sarcoplasm is found between
Mitochondria and lysosomes are found in

Answer 15

Terminal cisterns
Individual myofibrils
Abundance within the sarcoplasm

Question 16

Myofibrils are composed of
Myofilaments are composed of
They are _ than the individual muscle cell (Myofiber)
Thick filaments
Thin filaments

Answer 16

Many microfilaments
Thick and thin contractile proteins and other structural proteins
Longer
Myosin
Actin

Question 17

Sarcomeres are also known as
When Ca2+ is released there is a cascade of biochemical events that cause
The net effect is the shortening of

Answer 17

Functional and contractile unit
The contractile proteins to bind and slide past each other
Muscle cell

Question 18

The sacromere contains
Region is

Answer 18

Alternating dark and light striations within myofibrils due to the presence of contractile proteins
Between two z discs

Question 19

Actin appears
Region of sarcomere
Myosin appears
Region

Answer 19

Light and is known and thin filament
I band- isotrophic (visually similar)
Dark and called thick filament
A band- anisotropic (complex)

Question 20

An H zone is present in the center of the
The thin filaments do not overlap with thick filaments in this region when a muscle is
The h zone disappears when the thin filaments slide toward the middle of the sarcomere during
The sliding filament theory states that when thick and thin filaments slide past each other the sarcomere

Answer 20

A band
Relaxed
Muscle contraction
Shorten- contracts

Question 21

A neuromuscular junction is created when the synaptic knob of a nerve cell innervates
A nerve impulse initiates the release of
Neurotransmitters are held in synaptic knob and released through
One neuron will innervate _ muscle fibers within a muscle
Skeletal muscle is often referred to as a

Answer 21

Muscle fiber
Neurotransmitter
Exocytosis
Multiple
Motor neuron unit

Question 22

In skeletal muscle the neurotransmitter, _, is released by the synaptic knob into the synaptic cleft

Answer 22

Acetylcholine

Question 24

The four properties of muscle tissues

Answer 24

Contractility- ability of muscle to shorten or contract
Extensibility- ability to be extended or stetched with in limits
Excitability- the susceptibility of muscle tissue to rest to external stimuli allowing it to react instantly when stimulated
Elasticity- te ability to return to its original state after being stretched

Question 25

Muscle fascicle create _. The direction _ in addition to relative origin, insertion, and action. They are

Answer 25

Individual muscle Dictates Circular Parallel Uniennate, bi, multi

Question 26

Which muscle fiber protestation exerts most force? At one discrete point Sheer number of muscle fibers per length

Answer 26

Convergent Multipennate

Question 27

Which muscle fascicle orientation allows for greatest range of motion

Answer 27

Convergent- differing fiber orientation increases range of motion

Question 28

Which muscle fascicle form is most numerous in the human body

Answer 28

Unipennate- due to muscles in the appendages

Question 29

Naming of muscles

Answer 29

Structure - fiber orientation Function Shape Location Number of heads Attachment sites

Question 30

Ligaments

Answer 30

Attach bone to bone and increase stability during action

Question 31

Muscle tendons

Answer 31

Attach muscle to bone

Question 32

Aponeurosis

Answer 32

Large sheets of connective tissue that acts as ligaments for larger muscles

Question 33

Synovial sheaths

Answer 33

Synovial membranes that encase tendons

Question 34

Bursae

Answer 34

Synovial fluid pouches found between muscle tendons and bines

Question 35

Retinaculum found at _ to serve

Answer 35

Joints Maintainment of positions of tendons

Question 36

Muscles act on joints when

Answer 36

The points of attachment are in either side of the joint

Question 37

Muscle always contracts toward

Answer 37

Origin- most stable point, proximal point

Question 38

Muscles develop from _ and they organize into muscle tissue

Answer 38

Mesoderm

Question 39

Primordial muscles migrate down developing limb bud and construct groups around the

Answer 39

Underlying skeletal structure

Question 40

Fascia (dense) ct

Answer 40

Separates individual muscles from one another Divides compartments from one another and creates passageways for neurovascular bundle

Question 41

Synergists also act as

Answer 41

Fixators to stabalize a bone or joint while the prime mover performs the desired action

Question 42

Antagonists must relax for

Answer 42

Prime mover to contract

Question 43

Rectus abdominis and erector spine are

Answer 43

Antagonists

Question 44

Agonist

Answer 44

Prime mover that elicits a particular action