Unit 2.8

Question 1

Muscles of the pelvic girdle act on

Answer 1

Hip and knee

Question 2

Muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 2

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus

Question 3

Gluteus Maximus origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action
Example
Antagonist to

Answer 3

Iliac crest, sacrum, and coccyx
Gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Obliquely from medial to inferiolateral
Extend hip and lateral rotate thigh
Convergent
Muscles that medically rotates the hip or flexes the thigh (gluteus medius for hip and quadriceps femoris for flexion

Question 4

Gluteus medius origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action

Answer 4

Ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Greater trochanter of the femur
Oblique and superior to gluteus minimus
Abduct and medialy rotates the thigh

Question 5

Gluteus minimus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 5

Abducts and medialy rotates the thigh
Gluteus Maximus for medial rotation and adductor group for abduction
Gluteus medius

Question 6

Muscles of the deep gluteal region, lateral rotators of the hip

Answer 6

Piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator externus and interns, inferior gemellus, quadratis femoris

Question 7

Piriformis origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Action

Answer 7

Sacrum
Greater trochanter
Obliquely from medial to lateral
Laterally rotate the hip

Question 8

Superior gemellus action

Answer 8

Lateral rotation of the hip

Question 9

Inferior gemellus action

Answer 9

Lateral rotation of hip

Question 10

Obturator internus action

Answer 10

Lateral rotation of hip

Question 11

Obturator externus action

Answer 11

Lateral rotation of the hip

Question 12

Quadratis femoris action

Answer 12

Lateral rotation of hip

Question 13

Lateral rotators are synergistic to the _ and antagonist to

Answer 13

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus, medius and minimus

Question 14

Muscles of the anterior thigh

Answer 14

Iliopsoas, sartorius, quadriceps femoris

Question 15

Iliopsoas action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 15

Flex the thigh
Hamstring groups for flexion
Anterior compartment of the thigh for flexion

Question 16

Sartorius action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 16

Flex the hip, knee, and laterally rotate the thigh and medialy rotate the leg
Muscles that extend the hip or knee (hamstring and quadriceps) and muscles that medialy rotate the thigh (gluteus minimus and medius) and laterally rotate the leg (adductor magnus or biceps femoris)
Quadriceps or hamstrings for flexion, gluteus Maximus for lateral rotation and semi M and T for medial rotation

Question 17

Quadriceps femoris head locations

Answer 17

Vastus Medial- medial head
Vastus Lateral - lateral head
rectus femoris- anterior
Vastus intermedialis- deep to rectus and between the other two

Question 18

Quadriceps femoris origin
Insertion
Fibers course
Example
Action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 18

AIIS, medialis and lateralis arise from the lines aspera, intertrichanteric line and greater trochanter. Intermedialis arise from the proximal anterior shaft of femur
Patella, patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
Proximal to distal
Multipennate
Flex the thigh, extend the leg
Extend the hip (gluteus Maximus) or flex the knee (posterior thigh)
Flex the hip or extend the leg

Question 19

Muscles of the anterior lateral thigh

Answer 19

Tensor fascia latae, iliotibial tract

Question 20

Tensor fascia latae action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 20

Abduct and medialy rotate the thigh
Muscles that adduct the thigh (medial compartment) and gluteus Maximus and deep muscles that laterally rotate the thigh
Muscles that abduct and medialy rotate the thigh (medius and minimus)

Question 21

Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 21

Gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, magnus, brevis

Question 22

Gracilis action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 22

Adductor and flex thigh, flex knee
Abductors and extensors of the hip and extensors of the leg
Adduct or flex thigh, flex knee - other adductors, quads for flex hip and hamstrings for flex knee

Question 23

Pectineus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 23

Adduct and flex thigh
Abductors and extensors of thigh
Adduct and flex thigh

Question 24

Adductor longus action
Antagonist to
Synergist to

Answer 24

Adduct and flex thigh
Abductors and extensors of thigh
Adduct and flex thigh

Question 25

Adductor magnus origin Insertion Fibers course Action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 25

Adductor portion- inferior pubic ramus and insert on the linear aspera Extensor portion- ischial tuberosity and insert on the adductor tubercle Proximal to distal directed obliquely from posterior to anterior Adduct the thigh, adductor also flex thigh, extensor extends leg and laterally rotates the thigh To itself for extension and flexion of the thigh and to other muscles that medialy rotates thigh and extends leg Muscles that adduct, flex the thigh or knee or laterally rotates the thigh (adductor) and extend or laterally rotates the thigh (extensor)

Question 26

Adductor brevis action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 26

Adducts and flexes thigh Abductors and extensors of thigh Adductors and flex thigh

Question 27

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 27

Semi membranous, semi tendinosis, bicep femoris long and short heads

Question 28

Semitendinosus origin Insertion Fibers course Action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 28

Ischial tuberosity Proximal and medial tibia Proximal to distal Extend thigh, flex and medial rotation of leg Flex thigh, extend knee or lateral rotates leg Extend thigh, flex and medially rotates leg

Question 29

Muscles that act on the angle and digits

Answer 29

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, flexor digitorum longus

Question 30

Tibialis anterior course from Action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 30

Proximal to distal Dorsiflex and invert foot Plantar flex (posterior compartment of leg) and evert the foot(lateral) Tibialis posterior for inversion and peroneus for dorsiflexion

Question 31

Extensor hallucis longus origin Insertion Fibers course from Action Antagonists to Synergist to

Answer 31

Anterior tibia Distal phalanx of digit 1 Proximal to distal and lateral to medial Extend digit 1 Flexor hallucis longus and brevis Extensor hallucis brevis

Question 32

Fibularis longus origin Insertion Action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 32

Lateral console of tibia and proximal two thirds of the fibula Metacarpal 5 and medial cunieform Evert the foot and weakly plantar flex Invert the foot and dorsiflex Evert foot - fibularis brevis

Question 33

Gastrocnemius origin Insertion Fibers course from Action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 33

Lateral and medial condyles of femur Calcaneus Proximal to distal Flex knee and plantar flex Flex the knee and dorsiflex Soleus and plantar is for dorsiflexion

Question 34

Flexor digitorum longus origin Insertion Fibers course from Action Antagonist to Synergist to

Answer 34

Posterior medial tibia Distal phalanges of figure 2-5 Proximal to distal Extend digits 2-5 Extensor digitorum longus and brevis Flexor digitorum brevis

Question 35

Muscles of the dorsum of the foot

Answer 35

Extensor hallucis brevis Extensor digitorum brevis

Question 36

First layer

Answer 36

Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi

Question 37

2nd layer

Answer 37

Quadratis plantae Lumbricals Tendon of the flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus

Question 38

3rd layer

Answer 38

Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 39

4th layer

Answer 39

Dorsal interossei(1-4) Plantar interossei (1-3) Tendon of fibularis longus and Tibialis posterior