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CfE Higher Biology > Unit 2.2 Cellular Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 2.2 Cellular Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

Produced by the breakdown of pyruvate

A

Acetyl Group

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2
Q

A substrate that can be used for respiration instead of carbohydrate

A

Alternative Respiratory Substances

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3
Q

High energy compound used for energy transfer in cells

A

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

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4
Q

The chemical reaction which causes the release of energy from a respiratory substrate

A

Cellular Respiration

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5
Q

The first substance produced in the citric acid cycle

A

Citrate

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6
Q

Second stage of aerobic respiration, takes place in the central matrix of the mitochondria.

A

Citric Acid Cycle

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7
Q

A substance that carries an acetyl group into the citric acid cycle

A

Coenzyme A

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8
Q

Removes hydrogen from its substrate, important in the citric acid cycle.

A

Dehydrogenase Enzymes

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9
Q

Collection of proteins attached to a membrane.

A

Electron Transport Chain

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10
Q

Hydrogen carriers, important in the Citric Acid Cycle

A

FAD and NAD

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11
Q

Occurs when there is no oxygen present/ in anaerobic conditions

A

Fermentation

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12
Q

The first stage of cellular respiration, takes place in the cytoplasm

A

Glycolysis

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13
Q

Electrons that can yield energy as they are passed through an electron transport chain.

A

High Energy Electrons

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14
Q

A substance produced during a metabolic pathway, between the substrate and the end product

A

Intermediates

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15
Q

Produced in animal cells when oxygen is absent

A

Lactate

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16
Q

Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate

A

Oxaloacetate

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17
Q

Used to phosphorylate ADP

A

Inorganic Phosphate

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18
Q

The addition of a phosphate group to a substance

A

Phosphorylation

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19
Q

The end product of glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

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20
Q

The substrate usually broken down during cellular respiration

A

Glucose

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21
Q

The enzyme which catalyses the regeneration of ATP from ADP + Pi

A

ATP Synthase

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22
Q

The stage of glycolysis where there is a regeneration of 4 ATP molecules

A

Pay off Stage

23
Q

The stage of glycolysis where 2 ATP molecules are broken down to release energy

A

Energy Investment Stage

24
Q

The final products of respiration in the absence of oxygen in plant and yeast cells

A

Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide

25
Q

The final hydrogen acceptor in the electron transport chain

A

Oxygen

26
Q

The final product formed when Hydrogen joins with the final acceptor in the electron transport chain.

A

Water

27
Q

Alternative respiratory substrates

A

Fats and Proteins

28
Q

Acetyl Group

A

Produced by the breakdown of pyruvate

29
Q

Alternative Respiratory Substances

A

A substrate that can be used for respiration instead of carbohydrate

30
Q

Adenosine Tri-Phosphate

A

High energy compound used for energy transfer in cells

31
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

The chemical reaction which causes the release of energy from a respiratory substrate

32
Q

Citrate

A

The first substance produced in the citric acid cycle

33
Q

Citric Acid Cycle

A

Second stage of aerobic respiration, takes place in the central matrix of the mitochondria.

34
Q

Coenzyme A

A

A substance that carries an acetyl group into the citric acid cycle

35
Q

Dehydrogenase Enzymes

A

Removes hydrogen from its substrate, important in the citric acid cycle.

36
Q

Electron Transport Chain

A

Collection of proteins attached to a membrane.

37
Q

FAD and NAD

A

Hydrogen carriers, important in the Citric Acid Cycle

38
Q

Fermentation

A

Occurs when there is no oxygen present/ in anaerobic conditions

39
Q

Glycolysis

A

The first stage of cellular respiration, takes place in the cytoplasm

40
Q

High Energy Electrons

A

Electrons that can yield energy as they are passed through an electron transport chain.

41
Q

Intermediates

A

A substance produced during a metabolic pathway, between the substrate and the end product

42
Q

Lactate

A

Produced in animal cells when oxygen is absent

43
Q

Oxaloacetate

A

Substance that combines with the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle to form citrate

44
Q

Inorganic Phosphate

A

Used to phosphorylate ADP

45
Q

Phosphorylation

A

The addition of a phosphate group to a substance

46
Q

Pyruvate

A

The end product of glycolysis

47
Q

Glucose

A

The substrate usually broken down during cellular respiration

48
Q

ATP Synthase

A

The enzyme which catalyses the regeneration of ATP from ADP + Pi

49
Q

Pay off Stage

A

The stage of glycolysis where there is a regeneration of 4 ATP molecules

50
Q

Energy Investment Stage

A

The stage of glycolysis where 2 ATP molecules are broken down to release energy

51
Q

Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide

A

The final products of respiration in the absence of oxygen in plant and yeast cells

52
Q

Oxygen

A

The final hydrogen acceptor in the electron transport chain

53
Q

Water

A

The final product formed when Hydrogen joins with the final acceptor in the electron transport chain.

54
Q

Fats and Proteins

A

Alternative respiratory substrates

CfE Higher Biology (14 decks)

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