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Chemistry > Unit 25 & 26 - Qualitative Analysis: Tests For Ions/ Bulk And Surface Properties Of Matter Inclusing Nanoparticles > Flashcards

Unit 25 & 26 - Qualitative Analysis: Tests For Ions/ Bulk And Surface Properties Of Matter Inclusing Nanoparticles Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

How do you carry out a flame test

A

Light a Bunsen burner and give it a blue flame
Pick up a small sample using a wire loop
Hold at the edge of the flame and observe the flame colour

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2
Q

What must you do to the wire loop before testing each flame sample

A

Clean it using hydrochloric acid

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3
Q

What metal might be used as the wire loop and why (2)

A

Platinum because it’s very unreactive and has a high melting point
Nichrome because it’s cheaper and produces a faint orange colour

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4
Q

What colour does the flame turn with Li+

A

Red

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5
Q

What colour does the flame turn with Na+

A

Yellow

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6
Q

What colour does the flame turn with K+

A

Lilac

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7
Q

What colour does the flame turn with Ca2+

A

Orange-red

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8
Q

What colour does the flame turn with copper Cu2+

A

Blue-green

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9
Q

What is a flame photometer

A

A machine that measures the light intensity of the flame colours

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10
Q

Why is flame photometry better than flame tests? (3)

A

More sensitive, more accurate, faster

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11
Q

What is a standard solution

A

A solution containing precisely known measurements of substances

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12
Q

Give a way of treating contaminated water with drains from mines

A

Using sodium hydroxide solution

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13
Q

What do sodium hydroxide precipitation reactions involve

A

Adding it to a test to identify dissolved metal ions

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14
Q

When Fe2+ is added to sodium hydroxide, what colour is the precipitate?

A

Green

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15
Q

When Fe3+ is added to sodium hydroxide, what colour is the precipitate?

A

Brown

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16
Q

When Cu2+ is added to sodium hydroxide, what colour is the precipitate?

A

Blue

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17
Q

When Ca2+ is added to sodium hydroxide, what colour is the precipitate?

A

White

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18
Q

When Al3+ is added to sodium hydroxide, what colour is the precipitate?

A

White

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19
Q

How can you distinguish calcium ions and aluminium ions if they both form white precipitates?

A

Aluminium hydroxide disappears to form a colourless solution when excess sodium hydroxide is added but calcium hydroxide doesn’t

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20
Q

What is the tests for ammonia ions

A

Ammonia changes damp red litmus paper blue

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21
Q

What do rocks with carbonate minerals produce when added to HCl

A

Bubbles of CO2

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22
Q

What is the tests for carbonate ions

A

Adding HCl makes CO2

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23
Q

What is the test for sulphate ions

A

Add HCl to acidity solution and remove carbonate ions, add some barium chloride, if sulphate is present, a white precipitate forms

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24
Q

What is the precipitate formed when barium chloride is added to sulphate ions

A

Barium sulphate

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25
Which is the only silver halide that is soluble in water
Silver fluoride
26
How do you detect chloride, bromide and iodide ions?
Add nitric acid to acidity solution and remove carbonate ions, then add silver nitrate which will change the colour
27
What colour does a solution with chloride ions turn
White
28
What colour does a solution with bromide ions turn
Cream
29
What colour does a solution with iodide ions turn
Yellow
30
Explain the core practical - identifying ions for flame tests for metal cations
Light a Bunsen burner with a blue flame Pick up a sample using a clean wire loop and hold it over the flame Record the colour of the flame
31
Explain the core practical - identifying ions for hydroxide precipitate tests for metal ions
Dissolve a little solid salt in a test tube using distilled water Add a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide and record colour of precipitate If a white precipitate forms, add excess sodium hydroxide and see if it disappears
32
Explain the core practical - identifying ions for ammonium ions
Dissolve some solid salt Add some dilute sodium hydroxide and gently warm Remove from flame and hold stamp red litmus paper near it Record colour
33
Explain the core practical - identifying ions for carbonate ions
Put some solid salt in a test tube and add dilute acid Note down if any bubbling occurs Use lime water to check if there is CO2
34
Explain the core practical - identifying ions for sulphate ions
Dissolve some salt using distilled water Add some dilute hydrochloric acid and add barium chloride solution See if a white precipitate occurs
35
Explain the core practical - identifying ions for halide ions
Dissolve some salt in a test tube using distilled water Add some dilute nitric acid and then some silver nitrate Record colour of precipitate
36
What are ceramics
A range of durable compounds that change very little when heated
37
Give 2 properties of ceramics
Poor electrical conductors, high melting points
38
What structures are ceramics made from
Giant structures with many strong bonds
39
Give 2 clay ceramics
Brick, china
40
How are clay ceramics made
The clay is moulded and heated at a very high temperature which causes tiny crystals to join together
41
How are bricks made
They are decorated by adding a coloured substance to the clay before heating
42
How is porcelain and china made to have a waterproof, shiny coating
They are dipped in a glaze and heated strongly again
43
How is glass made
By melting sand and allowing it to cool and solidify
44
Why is glass transparent
The crystals are not arranged in a regular way
45
What is the float process for making modern window glass
Molten glass is poured into a bath of molten tin where is spreads our, the flat layer of glass is drawn away and cooled
46
Give 2 common properties of polymers
Strong and chemically unreactive
47
What is rigid PVC used for
Underground pipes and window frames
48
How can PVC be made softer and flexible
By adding substances called plasticisers
49
What is flexible PVC used for
Indoor water pipes, waterproof flooring
50
What is a composite material
A mixture of two or more materials combined to produce an improved material
51
Give two points about the individual materials in a composite material
Often have contrasting properties | Usually visible in the composite material but can be separated using physical methods
52
What is pykrete made from
Ice and wood pulp
53
What is concrete made from
Cement, sand, aggregate and water
54
What form the reinforcement in cement
Sand and aggregate
55
What forms the matrix in cement
The reinforcement bonded together by cement
56
What does high tensile strength mean
Resist to being stretched
57
What is compressive strength
A measure of how well a material resists to being squashed
58
Why do concrete beams tend to crack
It is weak in tension
59
What is concrete reinforced with to make beams
Steel
60
How is plywood made
Odd numbers of thin sheets of wood glued at right angles
61
What do nanoparticles consist of
A few hundred atoms
62
What are nanoparticulate substances
Substances that consist of nanoparticles
63
Why might titanium dioxide cause cancer
It absorbed harmful ultraviolet radiation from sunlight
64
Why is nanoparticulate titanium dioxide useful for invisible sun creams
The particles are tiny so it is transparent
65
Why are nanoparticles good catalysts
They have a large surface area to volume ratio
66
Why are nanoparticles a risk to human health
They are so small that they can be breathed in

Chemistry (12 decks)

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