Unit 3

Question 1

cast

Answer 1

Verb
1
cause (light or shadow) to appear on a surface.
the moon cast a pale light over the cottages

2
register (a vote).
residents turned out in record numbers to cast their votes

Noun
1
an object made by shaping molten metal or similar material in a mold.
bronze casts of the sculpture

Question 2

disaster

Answer 2

Noun
1
a sudden event, such as an accident or a natural catastrophe, that causes great damage or loss of life.
159 people died in the disaster

Question 3

display

Answer 3

Verb
1
make a prominent exhibition of (something) in a place where it can be easily seen.
the palace used to display a series of Flemish tapestries

Noun
1
a performance, show, or event intended for public entertainment.
a display of fireworks
2
an electronic device for the visual presentation of data.
a 17-inch color display

Question 4

drawback

Answer 4

Noun
1
a feature that renders something less acceptable; a disadvantage or problem.
the main drawback of fitting catalytic converters is the cost

2
an amount of excise or import duty remitted on imported goods that the importer re-exports rather than sells domestically.
they had been complaining of difficulties in getting quick reimbursement of duty drawback

Question 5

efficient

Answer 5

Adjective
1
(especially of a system or machine) achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
fluorescent lamps are efficient at converting electricity into light

Question 6

equip

Answer 6

Verb
1
supply with the necessary items for a particular purpose.
all bedrooms are equipped with a color TV

Question 7

freight

Answer 7

Noun
1
goods transported in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.
a decline in the amount of freight carried by rail

2
a load or burden.
these warm winds deposit their freight of moisture in showers of rain

Verb
1
transport (goods) in bulk by truck, train, ship, or aircraft.
the metals had been freighted from the city

2
be laden or burdened with.
each word was freighted with anger

Question 8

generate

Answer 8

Verb
1
cause (something, especially an emotion or situation) to arise or come about.
changes that are likely to generate controversy

Question 9

illuminator

Answer 9

روشنگر

Question 10

innovation

Answer 10

Definitions of innovate
Verb
1
make changes in something established, especially by introducing new methods, ideas, or products.
the company’s failure to diversify and innovate competitively

Question 11

intense

Answer 11

Adjective
1
of extreme force, degree, or strength.
the job demands intense concentration

2
having or showing strong feelings or opinions; extremely earnest or serious.
an intense young woman, passionate about her art

Question 12

knot

Answer 12

Noun
1
a fastening made by tying a piece of string, rope, or something similar.
tie a knot at the end of the cord

Verb
1
fasten with a knot.
the scarves were knotted loosely around their throats

Question 13

locomotive

Answer 13

لوکوموتیو

Question 14

mode

Answer 14

Noun
1
a way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced, expressed, or done.
his preferred mode of travel was a kayak

2
a fashion or style in clothes, art, literature, etc.
in the Seventies, the mode for activewear took hold

Question 15

portable

Answer 15

Adjective
1
able to be easily carried or moved, especially because being of a lighter and smaller version than usual.
a portable television

Noun
1
a version of something, such as a small lightweight television or computer, that can be easily carried.
the notes had been typed on an old portable with a faded ribbon

Question 15

reflector

Answer 15

Noun
1
a piece of glass, metal, or other material for reflecting light in a required direction, e.g., a red one on the back of a motor vehicle or bicycle.

Question 16

rugged

Answer 16

Adjective
1
(of ground or terrain) having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface.
a rugged coastline

Question 17

stringent

Answer 17

Adjective
1
(of regulations, requirements, or conditions) strict, precise, and exacting.
California’s air pollution guidelines are stringent

Question 18

tricky

Answer 18

Adjective
1
(of a task, problem, or situation) requiring care and skill because difficult or awkward.
applying eyeliner can be a tricky business

Question 19

vulnerable

Answer 19

Adjective
1
susceptible to physical or emotional attack or harm.
we were in a vulnerable position

Question 20

architecture

Answer 20

Noun
1
the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings.
schools of architecture and design

2
the complex or carefully designed structure of something.
the chemical architecture of the human brain

Question 21

centerpiece

Answer 21

Noun
1
a decorative piece or display placed in the middle of a dining or serving table.

Question 22

clog

Answer 22

Noun
1
a shoe with a thick wooden sole.

2
an encumbrance or impediment.
a clog in the system

Verb
1
block or become blocked with an accumulation of thick, wet matter.
the gutters were clogged up with leaves

Question 23

decorate

Answer 23

Verb
1
make (something) look more attractive by adding extra items or images to it.
the town was decorated with Christmas lights

2
confer an award or medal on (a member of the armed forces).
he was decorated for outstanding bravery

Question 24

destruction

Answer 24

Noun 1 the action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired. the destruction of the library in Alexandria

Question 25

expand

Answer 25

Verb 1 become or make larger or more extensive. their business expanded into other hotels and properties

Question 26

headquarters

Answer 26

Noun 1 the premises occupied by a military commander and the commander's staff.

Question 27

intrinsic

Answer 27

Adjective 1 belonging naturally; essential. access to the arts is intrinsic to a high quality of life

Question 28

operation

Answer 28

Noun 1 the fact or condition of functioning or being active. the construction and operation of power stations 2 an act of surgery performed on a patient. I've never felt better since my bypass operation 3 a piece of organized and concerted activity involving a number of people, especially members of the armed forces or the police. a rescue operation

Question 29

disruptive

Answer 29

Adjective 1 causing or tending to cause disruption. the hours of work are disruptive to home life

Question 30

pedestrian

Answer 30

Noun 1 a person walking along a road or in a developed area. the road is so dangerous pedestrians avoid it

Question 31

release

Answer 31

Verb 1 allow or enable to escape from confinement; set free. 2 allow (something) to move, act, or flow freely. she released his arm and pushed him aside Noun 1 the action or process of releasing or being released. a campaign by the prisoner's mother resulted in his release

Question 32

rival

Answer 32

a person or thing competing with another for the same objective or for superiority in the same field of activity. he has no serious rival for the job Verb 1 be or seem to be equal or comparable to. he was a photographer whose fame rivaled that of his subjects

Question 33

shield

Answer 33

Noun 1 a broad piece of metal or another suitable material, held by straps or a handle attached on one side, used as a protection against blows or missiles. 2 a person or thing providing protection. a protective coating of grease provides a shield against abrasive dirt Verb 1 protect (someone or something) from a danger, risk, or unpleasant experience. he pulled the cap lower to shield his eyes from the glare

Question 34

showcase

Answer 34

Noun 1 a glass case used for displaying articles in a store or museum. Verb 1 exhibit; display. the albums showcase his production skills

Question 35

spring up

Answer 35

to start to exist suddenly:

Question 36

surface

Answer 36

Noun 1 the outside part or uppermost layer of something (often used when describing its texture, form, or extent). the earth's surface Adjective 1 relating to or occurring on the upper or outer part of something. surface workers at the copper mines Verb 1 rise or come up to the surface of the water or the ground. he surfaced from his dive

Question 37

underground

Answer 37

Adverb 1 beneath the surface of the ground. miners working underground Adjective 1 situated beneath the surface of the ground. underground parking garages Noun 1 a group or movement organized secretly to work against an existing regime. I got involved with the French underground

Question 38

utilize

Answer 38

Verb 1 make practical and effective use of. vitamin C helps your body utilize the iron present in your diet

Question 39

vent

Answer 39

Noun 1 an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass out of or into a confined space. remove any debris blocking the vents 2 the expression or release of a strong emotion, energy, etc. children give vent to their anger in various ways Verb 1 give free expression to (a strong emotion). he had come to vent his rage and despair

Question 40

accelerate

Answer 40

Verb 1 (of a vehicle or other physical object) begin to move more quickly. the car accelerated toward her

Question 41

appeal

Answer 41

Verb 1 make a serious or urgent request, typically to the public. police are appealing for information about the incident Noun 1 a serious or urgent request, typically one made to the public. his mother made an appeal for the return of the ring

Question 42

charge

Answer 42

Verb 1 demand (an amount) as a price from someone for a service rendered or goods supplied. he charged me 2 euros for the postcard 2 accuse (someone) of something, especially an offense under law. they were charged with assault Noun 1 a price asked for goods or services. an admission charge

Question 43

classify

Answer 43

Verb 1 arrange (a group of people or things) in classes or categories according to shared qualities or characteristics. mountain peaks are classified according to their shape

Question 44

commuter

Answer 44

Noun 1 a person who travels some distance to work on a regular basis. the company provides showers and lockers for bicycle commuters

Question 45

consume

Answer 45

Verb 1 eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink). people consume a good deal of sugar in drinks

Question 46

embrace

Answer 46

Verb 1 hold (someone) closely in one's arms, especially as a sign of affection. Aunt Sophie embraced her warmly 2 accept or support (a belief, theory, or change) willingly and enthusiastically. besides traditional methods, artists are embracing new technology Noun 1 an act of holding someone closely in one's arms. they were locked in an embrace

Question 47

flair

Answer 47

``` Noun 1 a special or instinctive aptitude or ability for doing something well. she had a flair for languages 2 stylishness and originality. she dressed with flair ```

Question 48

fume

Answer 48

``` Noun 1 gas, smoke, or vapor that smells strongly or is dangerous to inhale. clouds of exhaust fumes spewed by cars Verb 1 feel, show, or express great anger. "We simply cannot have this," she fumed 2 emit gas, smoke, or vapor. fragments of lava hit the ground, fuming and sizzling ```

Question 49

hamper

Answer 49

Verb 1 hinder or impede the movement or progress of. their work is hampered by lack of funds

Question 50

incentive

Answer 50

Noun 1 a thing that motivates or encourages one to do something. there is no incentive for customers to conserve water

Question 51

markedly

Answer 51

Adverb 1 to an extent which is clearly noticeable; significantly. new diagnoses have increased markedly since 1998

Question 52

monetary

Answer 52

Adjective 1 relating to money or currency. documents with little or no monetary value

Question 53

plodding

Answer 53

Adjective 1 slow-moving and unexciting. a plodding comedy drama

Question 54

rural

Answer 54

Adjective 1 in, relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town. remote rural areas

Question 55

span

Answer 55

Noun 1 the full extent of something from end to end; the amount of space that something covers. a warehouse with a clear span of 28 feet Verb 1 (of a bridge, arch, etc.) extend from side to side of. the stream was spanned by a narrow bridge

Question 56

sprawl

Answer 56

Verb 1 sit, lie, or fall with one's arms and legs spread out in an ungainly or awkward way. the door shot open, sending him sprawling across the pavement Noun 1 an ungainly or carelessly relaxed position in which one's arms and legs are spread out. she fell into a sort of luxurious sprawl

Question 57

standard

Answer 57

Noun 1 a level of quality or attainment. their restaurant offers a high standard of service 2 an idea or thing used as a measure, norm, or model in comparative evaluations. the wages are low by today's standards Adjective 1 used or accepted as normal or average. the standard rate of income tax

Question 58

suburban

Answer 58

Adjective 1 of or characteristic of a suburb. suburban life

Question 59

urban

Answer 59

Adjective 1 in, relating to, or characteristic of a town or city. the urban population 2 denoting or relating to popular dance music associated with black performers. a party that features the best in urban music