Unit 5

Question 1

abroad

Answer 1

Adverb
1
in or to a foreign country or countries.
we usually go abroad for a week in May

2
in different directions; over a wide area.
millions of seeds are annually scattered abroad
Noun
1
foreign countries considered collectively.
servicemen returning from abroad

Question 2

administer

Answer 2

Verb
1
manage and be responsible for the running of (a business, organization, etc.).
each school was administered separately

2
dispense or apply (a remedy or drug).
paramedic crews are capable of administering drugs

3
give help or service.
we must selflessly administer to his needs

Question 3

bulk

Answer 3

Noun
1
the mass or magnitude of something large.
the sheer bulk of the bags

Verb
1
be or seem to be of great size or importance.
territorial questions bulked large in diplomatic relations

2
treat (a product) so that its quantity appears greater than it in fact is.
traders were bulking up their flour with chalk

Question 3

complex

Answer 3

Adjective
1
consisting of many different and connected parts.
a complex network of water channels

Noun
1
a group of similar buildings or facilities on the same site.
a new apartment complex

Question 4

cripple

Answer 4

Verb
1
cause severe and disabling damage to; deprive of the ability to function normally.
developing countries are crippled by their debts

2
cause (someone) to become unable to walk or move normally.
a young student was crippled for life

Question 5

decade

Answer 5

1
a period of ten years.
he taught at the university for nearly a decade
2
each of the five divisions of each chapter of the rosary.
a local priest led the mourners in a decade of the rosary

Question 6

decline

Answer 6

Verb
1
(typically of something regarded as good) become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease.
the birth rate continued to decline
2
politely refuse (an invitation or offer).
Caroline declined the coffee
Noun
1
a gradual and continuous loss of strength, numbers, quality, or value.
a serious decline in bird numbers

Question 7

epidemic

Answer 7

Noun
1
a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
a flu epidemic

Adjective
1
of the nature of an epidemic.
epidemic diseases

Question 8

estimate

Answer 8

Verb
1
roughly calculate or judge the value, number, quantity, or extent of.
the aim is to estimate the effects of macroeconomic policy on the economy

Noun
1
an approximate calculation or judgment of the value, number, quantity, or extent of something.
at a rough estimate, our staff is recycling a quarter of the paper used

Question 9

lure

Answer 9

Verb
1
tempt (a person or animal) to do something or to go somewhere, especially by offering some form of reward.
the child was lured into a car but managed to escape

Noun
1
something that tempts or is used to tempt a person or animal to do something.
the film industry always has been a glamorous lure for young girls

Question 10

primary

Answer 10

Adjective
1
of chief importance; principal.

Question 11

qualified

Answer 11

Adjective
1
officially recognized as being trained to perform a particular job; certified.
newly qualified nurses
2
not complete or absolute; limited.
I could only judge this CD a qualified success

Question 12

rampant

Answer 12

Adjective
1
(especially of something unwelcome or unpleasant) flourishing or spreading unchecked.
political violence was rampant

Question 13

retain

Answer 13

Verb
1
continue to have (something); keep possession of.
built in 1830, the house retains many of its original features

2
absorb and continue to hold (a substance).
limestone is known to retain water

3
keep (something) in place; hold fixed.
the successful design of a cartridge belt requires that the cartridges in it be properly located and retained in that position

4
keep (someone) engaged in one’s service.
he has been retained as a freelance

Question 14

rudimentary

Answer 14

Adjective
1
involving or limited to basic principles.
he received a rudimentary education

Question 15

shortage

Answer 15

Noun
1
a state or situation in which something needed cannot be obtained in sufficient amounts.
a shortage of hard cash

Question 16

standpoint

Answer 16

Noun
1
an attitude to or outlook on issues, typically arising from one’s circumstances or beliefs.
she writes on religion from the standpoint of a believer

Question 17

stem

Answer 17

Noun
1
the main body or stalk of a plant or shrub, typically rising above ground but occasionally subterranean.

Verb
1
originate in or be caused by.
many of the universities’ problems stem from rapid expansion

Question 18

supply

Answer 18

Verb
1
make (something needed or wanted) available to someone; provide.
the farm supplies apples to cider makers
Noun
1
a stock of a resource from which a person or place can be provided with the necessary amount of that resource.
there were fears that the drought would limit the exhibition’s water supply

Question 19

vacancy

Answer 19

Noun
1
an unoccupied position or job.
a vacancy for a shorthand typist

2
empty space.
Cathy stared into vacancy, seeing nothing

3
lack of intelligence or understanding.
vacancy, vanity, and inane deception

Question 20

aerobic

Answer 20

Adjective
1
relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen.
simple aerobic bacteria

Question 21

capacity

Answer 21

Noun
1
the maximum amount that something can contain.
the capacity of the freezer is 1.1 cubic feet
2
the amount that something can produce.
the company aimed to double its electricity-generating capacity
3
a specified role or position.
I was engaged in a voluntary capacity

Question 22

cognition

Answer 22

Noun
1
the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses.

Question 23

concentration

Answer 23

Noun
1
the action or power of focusing one’s attention or mental effort.
frowning in concentration

2
a close gathering of people or things.
the largest concentration of Canada geese on earth

3
the relative amount of a given substance contained within a solution or in a particular volume of space; the amount of solute per unit volume of solution.
the gas can collect in dangerous concentrations

Question 24

counteract

Answer 24

Verb 1 act against (something) in order to reduce its force or neutralize it. should we deliberately intervene in the climate system to counteract global warming?

Question 25

dementia

Answer 25

MEDICINE Noun 1 a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Question 26

deterioration

Answer 26

Noun 1 the process of becoming progressively worse. a deterioration in the condition of the patient

Question 27

diagnose

Answer 27

Verb 1 identify the nature of (an illness or other problem) by examination of the symptoms. doctors diagnosed a rare and fatal liver disease

Question 28

disorder

Answer 28

Noun 1 a state of confusion. tiresome days of mess and disorder Verb 1 disrupt the systematic functioning or neat arrangement of. they are disordering the political landscape

Question 29

gravity

Answer 29

Noun 1 PHYSICS the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass. 2 extreme or alarming importance; seriousness. crimes of the utmost gravity 3 seriousness or solemnity of manner. has the poet ever spoken with greater eloquence or gravity?

Question 30

impaired

Answer 30

``` Adjective 1 weakened or damaged. an impaired banking system 2 having a disability of a specified kind. hearing-impaired children ```

Question 31

indicate

Answer 31

Verb 1 point out; show. dotted lines indicate the text's margins 2 suggest as a desirable or necessary course of action. the treatment is likely to be indicated in severely depressed patients

Question 32

link

Answer 32

Noun 1 a relationship between two things or situations, especially where one thing affects the other. investigating a link between pollution and forest decline 2 a ring or loop in a chain. a chain made of steel links Verb 1 make, form, or suggest a connection with or between. rumors that linked his name with Judith

Question 33

mood

Answer 33

Noun 1 a temporary state of mind or feeling. he appeared to be in a very good mood about something Adjective 1 (especially of music) inducing or suggestive of a particular feeling or state of mind. mood music

Question 34

previouslypreviously

Answer 34

Adverb 1 at a previous or earlier time; before. museums and art galleries that had previously been open to the public

Question 35

regulate

Answer 35

Verb 1 control or maintain the rate or speed of (a machine or process) so that it operates properly. a hormone that regulates metabolism and organ function

Question 36

rodent

Answer 36

Noun 1 a gnawing mammal of an order that includes rats, mice, squirrels, hamsters, porcupines, and their relatives, distinguished by strong constantly growing incisors and no canine teeth. They constitute the largest order of mammals.

Question 37

spatial

Answer 37

Adjective 1 relating to or occupying space. the spatial distribution of population

Question 38

stave off

Answer 38

avert or delay something bad or dangerous. | "a reassuring presence can stave off a panic attack"

Question 39

stimulate

Answer 39

Verb 1 raise levels of physiological or nervous activity in (the body or any biological system). the women are given fertility drugs to stimulate their ovaries

Question 40

absorb

Answer 40

Verb 1 take in or soak up (energy or a liquid or other substance) by chemical or physical action. buildings can be designed to absorb and retain heat 2 take up the attention of (someone); interest greatly. she sat in an armchair, absorbed in a book

Question 41

alleviate

Answer 41

Verb 1 make (suffering, deficiency, or a problem) less severe. he couldn't prevent her pain, only alleviate it

Question 42

ascertain

Answer 42

Verb 1 find (something) out for certain; make sure of. an attempt to ascertain the cause of the accident

Question 43

chronic

Answer 43

Adjective 1 (of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring. chronic bronchitis

Question 44

combat

Answer 44

Noun 1 fighting between armed forces. men killed in combat Verb 1 take action to reduce or prevent (something bad or undesirable). an effort to combat drug trafficking

Question 45

culture

Answer 45

Noun 1 the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. 20th century popular culture 2 the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group. Caribbean culture

Question 46

deem

Answer 46

Verb 1 regard or consider in a specified way. the event was deemed a great success

Question 47

desirable

Answer 47

Adjective 1 wanted or wished for as being an attractive, useful, or necessary course of action. it is desirable to exercise some social control over technology Noun 1 a desirable person, thing, or quality. the store sells various desirables

Question 48

enhance

Answer 48

Verb 1 intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of. his refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation

Question 49

fraction

Answer 49

2 a small or tiny part, amount, or proportion of something. he hesitated for a fraction of a second

Question 50

interval

Answer 50

``` Noun 1 an intervening time or space. after his departure, there was an interval of many years without any meetings 2 a pause or break in activity. an interval of mourning 3 a space between two things; a gap. ```

Question 51

investigation

Answer 51

Noun 1 the action of investigating something or someone; formal or systematic examination or research. he is under investigation for receiving illicit funds

Question 52

manufacture

Answer 52

Verb 1 make (something) on a large scale using machinery. a company that manufactured paint-by-number sets 2 invent or fabricate (evidence or a story). the tabloid industry that manufactures epochal discoveries out of thin air Noun 1 the making of articles on a large scale using machinery. the manufacture of armored vehicles

Question 53

monitor

Answer 53

Noun 1 an instrument or device used for observing, checking, or keeping a continuous record of a process or quantity. a heart monitor 2 a television receiver used in a studio to select or verify the picture being broadcast from a particular camera. the playback can be displayed on an external television screen or monitor Verb 1 observe and check the progress or quality of (something) over a period of time; keep under systematic review. equipment was installed to monitor air quality

Question 54

outcome

Answer 54

Noun 1 the way a thing turns out; a consequence. it is the outcome of the vote that counts

Question 55

recur

Answer 55

Verb 1 occur again periodically or repeatedly. when the symptoms recurred, the doctor diagnosed something different

Question 56

substance

Answer 56

Noun 1 a particular kind of matter with uniform properties. a steel tube coated with a waxy substance 2 the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists and which has a tangible, solid presence. proteins compose much of the actual substance of the body 3 the quality of being important, valid, or significant. he had yet to accomplish anything of substance

Question 57

target

Answer 57

Noun 1 a person, object, or place selected as the aim of an attack. the airport terminal was the target of a bomb Verb 1 select as an object of attention or attack. two men were targeted by the attackers

Question 58

theoretical

Answer 58

Adjective 1 concerned with or involving the theory of a subject or area of study rather than its practical application. a theoretical physicist

Question 59

toxic

Answer 59

Adjective 1 poisonous. the dumping of toxic waste 2 very harmful or unpleasant in a pervasive or insidious way. a toxic relationship