Unit 3

Question 1

Lipid-bilayer

Answer 1

Plasma membrane

Question 2

Hydrophilic

Answer 2

Water loving, polar end (has a charge)

Question 3

Hydrophobic

Answer 3

Water hating, nonpolar end (no charge)

Question 4

Internal proteins

Answer 4

Firmly inserted into lipid bilayer

Question 5

Peripheral proteins

Answer 5

Loosely attached to membrane (can be removed), change cell shape or link them together

Question 6

Glycocalyx

Answer 6

Sugar coating on the cells, different patterns on each cell

Question 7

Hypertonic (cell size)

Answer 7

Higher amount of things in the cell (move out of cell to shrink)

Question 8

Hypotonic (cell size)

Answer 8

Lower amount of things in the cell (move in the cell to swell)

Question 9

Isotonic (cell size)

Answer 9

Neutral (no change)

Question 10

Nuclear pore

Answer 10

Allows large particles in and out of nucleus

Question 11

Multinucleate

Answer 11

Muscle and liver cells, more than 1 nucleus

Question 12

Anucleate

Answer 12

No nucleus, red blood cells

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

Made up of dna and histone proteins

Question 14

Nucleosome

Answer 14

Section of cell that is wrapped around a core of protein

Question 15

Cilia

Answer 15

Small hair like extensions. 2 roles: help cell move, move substance in one direction in the cell

Question 16

Flagella (example)

Answer 16

Fungi, slime molds

Question 17

3 parts of cell

Answer 17

Plasma membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm

Question 18

Nucleus

Answer 18

Contains genetic info to create most proteins and controls the activity of the cell

Question 19

Mitochondria

Answer 19

Constantly change shapes, provides energy for the cell, have own DNA and RNA

Question 20

Smooth ER

Answer 20

Creates enzymes that metabolize lipids and breaks down glycogen

Question 21

Rough ER

Answer 21

Covered with ribosomes and creates proteins used in the membrane

Question 22

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 22

Transports proteins and lipids made in rough ER to other parts of the cell

Question 22

Lysosome

Answer 22

Digest viruses, bacteria, and nonfunctional organelles and tissue

Question 23

Vacuole

Answer 23

Stores water and nutrients

Question 24

Free ribosomes

Answer 24

Make soluble proteins that functions in cytoplasm

Question 25

Microtubules

Answer 25

Largest in diameter, determine the shape of an organelle

Question 26

Membrane bound ribosomes

Answer 26

Make proteins that will be used in the cell membrane or that will leave the cell

Question 27

Microfilaments

Answer 27

Smallest, used in movement of the cell, or moving substances in the cell

Question 28

Intermediate filaments

Answer 28

Resist pulling forces exerted on the cell

Question 29

Cystoskeleton

Answer 29

Series of rods that act as a support structure for the cells

Question 30

Plasma membrane

Answer 30

Fragile outer boundary of cell

Question 31

Process of DNA replication

Answer 31

1. DNA begins to unwind 2. Bonds between nitrogen bases break creating a replication fork 3. Each exposed nitrogen bases a template for the complimentary strand 4. RNA primer begins to synthesize 5. DNA polymerase position complimentary nucleotides on the DNA strand 6. DNA ligase splices DNA segments together = two identical DNA strands