Unit 3

Question 1

A proposal by the Albany Congress, under the guidance of Benjamin Franklin, during the French and Indian War

Answer 1

Albany Plan of Union

Question 2

a set of four laws passed by the Federalist-controlled Congress in 1798 that significantly restricted immigration and freedom of speech, essentially allowing the government to deport foreigners deemed “dangerous” and criminalize criticism of the government, primarily aimed at suppressing the opposition Democratic-Republican party;

Answer 2

Alien and sedition acts

Question 3

Opponents of the 1787 Constitution, they cast the document as antidemocratic, objected to the subordination of the states to the central government, and feared encroachment on individuals’ liberties in the absence of a bill of rights. (173)

Answer 3

Anti federalists

Question 4

(1781) First American constitution that established the United States as a loose confederation of states under a weak national Congress, which was not granted the power to regulate commerce or collect taxes. The Articles were replaced by a more efficient Constitution in 1789. (163)

Answer 4

Articles of confederation

Question 5

marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War.

Answer 5

Battle of Saratoga

Question 6

decisive military engagement during the American Revolutionary War where a combined force of American troops led by General George Washington and French forces besieged and forced the surrender of British General Charles Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia,

Answer 6

Battle of Yorktown

Question 7

(1791) Popular term for the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The amendments secure key rights for individuals and reserve to the states all powers not explicitly delegated or prohibited by the Constitution. (182

Answer 7

Bill of rights

Question 8

to a powerful pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that argued forcefully for American independence from Great Britain, using clear, accessible language to persuade colonists to support the revolutionary cause.

Answer 8

Common sense

Question 9

intended to prevent a stalemate between states and establish a bicameral legislature with a different representation method for each house

Answer 9

Connecticut plan

Question 10

(July 4, 1776) Formal pronouncement of independence drafted by Thomas Jefferson and approved by Congress. The declaration allowed Americans to appeal for foreign aid and served as an inspiration for later revolutionary movements worldwide. (137)

Answer 10

Deceleration of independence

Question 11

Acts passed by Parliament in March 1766 that stated that the British government had complete legislative power over the colonies.

Answer 11

Declaratory act

Question 12

1790s, this party follows a strict interpretation of the constitution and favors a small government. They want the US to be a nation of small, independent farmers. Madison and Jefferson are a part of this and it was not a party developed formally when Washington was in office.

Answer 12

Democratic-republican party

Question 13

an intellectual movement that occurred primarily in the 18th century, emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism towards traditional authority

Answer 13

Enlightenment

Question 14

This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government

Answer 14

Federalist papers

Question 15

Political party in the United States of mostly Wealthy North-easterners that favored a strong centralized federal government, commerce-based economy, loose construction of constitution, national bank, GB sympaty.

Answer 15

Federalist Party

Question 16

Proponents of the 1787 Constitution, they favored a strong national government, arguing arguing that the checks and balances in the new Constitution would safeguard the people’s liberties. (173)

Answer 16

Federalists

Question 17

meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen American colonies held in Philadelphia in 1774, convened in response to the British government’s “Intolerable Acts” and aimed at coordinating a unified colonial response to British policies, primarily through economic boycotts, while still professing loyalty to the Crown

Answer 17

First continental congress

Question 18

the father of his country” for his crucial role in fighting for, creating and leading the United States of America in its earliest days. Washington was a surveyor, farmer and soldier who rose to command the Colonial forces in the Revolutionary War.

Answer 18

George Washington

Question 19

an ambitious financial plan that would establish a national bank, create a federal mint, and impose excise taxes. The bank was conceived as a way to improve and build the nation’s credit, as well as create a common currency.Oct 17, 2017

Answer 19

Hamilton’s economic plan

Question 20

(1774) Series of punitive measurements passed in retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, closing the Port of Boston, revoking a number of rights in the Massachusetts colonial charter, and expanding the Quartering Act to allow for the lodging of soldiers in private homes. In response, colonists convened the First Continental Congress and called for a complete boycott of British goods. (122)

Answer 20

Intolerable/coercive acts

Question 21

(1794) Negotiated by Chief Justice John Jay in an effort to avoid war with Britain, the treaty included a British promise to evacuate outposts outposts on U.S. soil and pay damages for seized American vessels, in exchange for which Jay bound the United States to repay pre-Revolutionary War debts and to abide by Britain’s restrictive trading policies toward France. (193)

Answer 21

Jays treaty

Question 22

English philosopher who advocated the idea of a “social contract” in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.

Answer 22

John Locke

Question 23

established the structure of the federal court system in the United States, including district courts, circuit courts, and the Supreme Court, essentially outlining the jurisdiction and powers of each level of the federal judiciary as outlined in the Constitution; it was one of the first acts passed by the newly formed Congress under President George Washington

Answer 23

Judiciary act (1789)

Question 24

(1798-1799) Statements secretly drafted by Jefferson and Madison for the legislatures of Kentucky and Virginia. Argued that states were the final arbiters of whether the federal government overstepped its boundaries and could therefore nullify, or refuse to accept, national legislation they deemed unconstitutional. (198)

Answer 24

Kentucky and Virginia resolutions

Question 25

established a structured system for surveying, dividing, and selling land in the newly acquired western territories after the American Revolution, laying the groundwork for the orderly settlement and creation of new states across the country

Answer 25

Land Ordinance of 1785

Question 26

the first major military engagements of the American Revolutionary War, fought on April 19, 1775, in the towns of ? and ?, ???, marking the beginning of armed conflict between British troops and American colonial militias

Answer 26

Lexington & concord

Question 27

American colonists who opposed the Revolution and maintained their loyalty to the King; sometimes referred to as "Tories." (139)

Answer 27

Loyalists

Question 28

a financial institution chartered and regulated by the federal government, primarily established to manage the nation's finances, including collecting taxes, issuing currency, and providing loans

Answer 28

national bank

Question 29

proposed by William Paterson and others from the state of ?: It called for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state. The national government would have a limited role and would not be able to regulate commerce, collect taxes, or enforce laws.

Answer 29

The New Jersey Plan

Question 30

established a government for the Northwest Territory, outlined the process for admitting a new state to the Union, and guaranteed that newly created states would be equal to the original thirteen states.

Answer 30

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Question 31

ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies

Answer 31

Peace of Paris (1763)

Question 32

Treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans.

Answer 32

Pinckney's Treaty. 1795

Question 33

Native American uprising against British rule in the Great Lakes region following the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), primarily sparked by discontent over British policies regarding land access and trade after the French were ousted from the territory, led by the Ottawa chief Pontiac

Answer 33

pontiac's rebellion

Question 34

a decree issued by the British Crown following the French and Indian War, which prohibited British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, essentially establishing a boundary to appease Native American tribes and limit colonial expansion into newly acquired territory;

Answer 34

proclamation of 1763

Question 35

A formal announcement issued by President George Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.

Answer 35

Proclamation of neutrality

Question 36

a British law passed in 1765 that required American colonists to provide housing, food, and other supplies to British soldiers stationed in the colonies

Answer 36

quartering act

Question 37

passed in 1774, but was not apart of the Intolerable Acts. It gave Catholic French Canadians religious freedom and restored the French form of civil law; this law nullified many of the Western claims of the coast colonies by extending the boundaries of the province of Quebec to the Ohio River on the south and to the Mississippi River on the west.

Answer 37

The Quebec Act

Question 38

the post-American Revolution ideology that emphasized the crucial role of women in upholding the new republic's values by educating their children, particularly sons, on the principles of liberty, democracy, and civic virtue, essentially positioning mothers as the primary educators of future citizens within the domestic sphere.

Answer 38

Republican Motherhood

Question 39

the presidential election where Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent John Adams, marking the first peaceful transfer of power between opposing political parties (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) in American history

Answer 39

revolution of 1800

Question 40

a period from 1607-1763 in which England did not strictly enforce Parliamentary laws

Answer 40

salutary neglect

Question 41

a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that met beginning on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun.

Answer 41

Second Continental congress

Question 42

a conflict between France and Great Britain that lasted from 1754 to 1763

Answer 42

Seven years war

Question 43

an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts during 1786-1787, led by Revolutionary War veteran Daniel Shays, where farmers protested against high taxes and economic hardship, highlighting the weaknesses of the government under the Articles of Confederation and ultimately contributing to the call for a stronger federal government through the Constitution

Answer 43

shay's rebellion

Question 44

a law passed by the British Parliament in 1765 that required American colonists to pay a tax on all printed materials, including newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards,

Answer 44

Stamp act

Question 45

a meeting held in 1765 where representatives from several American colonies gathered in New York City to coordinate a unified protest against the British Stamp Act

Answer 45

Stamp act congress

Question 46

a law passed by the British Parliament in 1764 that imposed taxes on imported sugar and molasses into the American colonies

Answer 46

Sugar act

Question 47

a law passed by the British Parliament in 1773 that granted the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the American colonies

Answer 47

Tea Act

Question 48

3rd President of the United States. He favored limited central government. He was chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; approved of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and promoted ideals of republicanism

Answer 48

Thomas Jefferson

Question 49

passionate and persuasive writer who published the bestseller, Common Sense in 1776.

Answer 49

Thomas Paine

Question 50

an agreement made at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 where enslaved people were counted as three-fifths of a person when determining a state's population for representation in the House of Representatives and taxation purposes,

Answer 50

three fifths compromise

Question 51

a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1767 that imposed taxes on various goods imported to the American colonies, including tea, glass, paper, and paint,

Answer 51

Townshend acts

Question 52

(1783) treaty signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain that ended the French and Indian War.

Answer 52

Treaty of Paris

Question 53

a plan by James Madison, for a new "national" government

Answer 53

Virginia plan

Question 54

a written speech delivered by George Washington near the end of his second presidential term, where he warned Americans against the dangers of political parties, advocated for national unity, and urged the country to remain neutral in foreign conflicts, essentially offering advice to future leaders as he left office

Answer 54

Washington's farewell address

Question 55

a violent protest by farmers in western Pennsylvania during 1794 against a federal excise tax imposed on whiskey

Answer 55

Whiskey rebellion

Question 56

a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War.

Answer 56

XYZ Affair