Unit 3 Flashcards by Lily Greenwood

What were NUSAS

National union of South African students

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Why did black student eventually leave NUSAS

White students didn’t share accommodation with black students after the conference at Rhodes

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What was SASO

South African students organisation.
Steve Bikl

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Why was SASO more important

Offered an organisational space for black students
Developed the philosophy of Black consciousness

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What was black consciousness

Have equality within races
Pride in black culture
Learn black history
Take control of liberation
Fight for equality

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How did the government respond to SASO

Pass laws
Ban membership
People put on trial- SASO 9

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What was SASM

Black consciousness school movement

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What were the conditions like in Soweto

Township- poor ,state of decline ,huge unemployment, inflation
86% of homes have no electricity
93% no bath
High crime rate

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How did no permanent residency made people feel

Frustration or anger

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What did SASM provide for students

Politicised schools, promoted black pride and politics of racial solidarity

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What did it mean for Afrikaans to be introduced into the curriculum for black student

Inevitability fail their maricalculation
Mass teachers were unable to teach in Afrikaans
Raised anger
Language of the oppressor

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When was the Soweto Uprising

16th June 1976

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What were students met with on the march and who was killed and photographed

They were met by the military group was infiltrated
Hector Peterson

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How did students respond to the actions of the police

Targeted symbols of oppression
Burnt down the WRAB and buildings that symbolised white power
Burnt down beer halls
10 days of rioting

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What was the death toll of the Soweto uprising

138 people

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What was the international reaction to the Soweto uprising

Gold shares -75 cents
Diamond shares -15 cents
Rand lost value oversnight
Resolution 392

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What was the impacts on Mk after the Soweto uprising

Over 5,000 to 12,000 students left the country and joined the MK
Armed activity increased in SA in missions

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What the government response to yhe Soweto uprising

Large number of trials and detention for MK recruitment
Student leaders were sent to Robben island and joined the ANC
Government passed additional security legislation

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What was the impact of Steve Bikos death

Sparked outrage inspiring riots, violence: his own death made him a martyr

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What strike started in 1973 in Durban and why

Coronation Brick and tile company, wanted a pay rise (R10-R20 a week)

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What did the coronation brick and tile company strike inspire others to do

150 other factories followed, formed illegal trade unions

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What did the Weihahn Commission suggest and how did the government react

Make amendments to the law to legalise trade unions
Government gave them the right to strike by changing the laws accordingly
Gave the government a degree of control

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What was FOSATU and when was it formed and how much did in increase too

A trade union, 1979, 45,000 to 120,000

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What was the FOSATU objective and nature

Had eight affiliated trade unions, non-racial umbrella group

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In 1980 CUSA was formed and what was its philosophy

All leadership were held by black people

The national union of mine workers was formed in 1980 what was there philosophy

Against the NP Encourage greater unity amongst its members Increased voice and power Large number of strikes

COSAS was formed in 1979, what was it

The congress of South African students

Who was the leader of COSAS and what were the group commited too

Ephrahim Mogale The freedom charter

What helped the ANC gain more support

The Sunday post 1980 National campaign Civic organisation

What were two examples of increased ANC and MK action

June 1980- SASOL fuel plant attacked December 1982- 4 bombs explode outside Nuclear power station

Who were the progressives in 1974

Economic liberals

Who was the main politic opposition in parliament and who was the leader

Progressive federal party Slabbert (young Afrikaner)

What % of the vote did the PFP win and why didn’t this last

19% of the vote Didn’t last because they supported and communicated with black leaders proved to be too radical

When the Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970) was introduced what was the governments goal

No citizenship for Africans

What was a name of one of the homelands and how many Africans lost there citizenships

Venda Eight million

Some Africans who were elit supported the citizenship act for economic gain why did some others also support it

To work for change within

Why did rural areas not become bases for the MK

Puppet governments Informants Too carefully watched

What division of the national party happens in the late 1970’s

Verlitge Verkramptes

What did the verlitge and verkramptes want

Verligtes- economic trade, wanted more trade unions better Bantu education Verkramptes- more rapid and severe development

Who did Vorster want to succeed him

Mulder (in charge of government propaganda and worked close with the head of BOSS)

Why did Vorster give Mulder a secret fund

Wage a propaganda war, by cultivating overseas politicians to support white rule, put funds in Swiss accounts,

In 1978 journalists found out about the Information Scandal the fund what was revealed

They had brought the Washington star paper Showed the fund being used in a corrupt way

What happened to Vorster and who took over

Vorster resigned from premiership Botha the defence minister

What was the world economy like in the 1970s and what industry in SA ceased the grows

Goes into recession following oil crisis Manufacturing industry

What was the problem with the labor force in SA and what was happening to the population

White worked too expensive, black workers aren’t experienced enough African population grew- 11-29 million White population grew- 3-5 million

What was happening to the growth of the population in SA in the 1970’s

Increasing exponentially White grew 3-5 million African grew 11-29 million White went from 19% of population to 14%

What was the consequence of the black population becoming younger

Surge of black peoples in cities, informal settlements increase, unemployment escalated

The need for African workers reduced, why ? And what was the impact

Farming becoming modern and mechanised Displaced people living in shack settlements where appalling

In the years 1974-75 why did Vorster hold talks with leader of Liberia and the ivory cost and why did African counties enter agreements with South Africa

To create a positive international image Aware of economic advantage and feared military power (eg Madagascar)

SA was not very good at successfully breaking isolation with western countries, what did western countries start to do

Turning towards sanctions threatening relations

When did Mozambique gain independence and who was the leader

1975 Mechel of FRELIMO

What type of government did Machel set up and what did South Africa not like about this

Socialist with USSR alliance SA scared of communist alliance, FRELIMO allowed the MK to operate and train in Mozambique

When SA joined up with Frelimo’s opposing party RENAMO, what activities did they plan out

Killed peasants, destroyed schools and hospitals built by Frelimo Blew up railway lines

What was the impact on Mozambiques economy

Economy destroyed- had to lean on Soviet Union

When did Angola become independent and who was the party

1975 Marxist MPLA

Why was South Africa worried about in Angola and what did they do

Concerned it would become a base for SWAPO and have support alongside the USA to the UNITA movement

Talks in Namibia were sponsored by the UN and Western Powers about African governments, why were SA reluctant to give up Namibia

White Afrikaners and the National Party feared that the African rule would support the ANC

How did Botha build SA’s military presence in Namibia

Compulsory conscription in SA for white youths for long periods of time expanding the army and recruited San and Bushmen who were skilled in bush war

Who was the conflict between in Zimbabwe and who received help from the Chinese

ZANU and ZAPU ZANU help from chinese

In 1979 the new constitution was signed in Lancaster house, in 1980 the first democratic elections were held in Zimbabwe, who win

ZANU Mugabe

What did Mugabe permit the ANC and PAC to do and not do in South Africa

Not allowed to establish military bases They are allowed to establish offices (Didn’t make it easy for the ANC to operate in Zimbabwe because the ANC supported ZAPU)

What did the government priorities after the UN voluntary ban on weapons and exports to SA

Domestics arms industry under ARMSCOR, 80% of arms made in SA

By the mid 1980’s how much did SA spend on defence of their total govt expenditure

4% of GDP on defence or 13% of total government expenditure

Who did SA make an alliance with when making weapons and why

Isreal: both had pragmatic views with isolated regimes and they feel threatened by those around them

What two countries signed the Nkomati accord on 16th March 1984

South Africa and Mozambique

What did the Nkotami accord state

Mozambique- expel the ANC South Africa- cease its support of RENAMO (Neither of them followed)

Why did US and British companies not want to implement economic sanctions and what did they introduce instead

Cheap labor for industry A code of conduct

The European Economic Community and the Sullivan Principles adopted the code of conduct what did they hope to achieve for black workers

Higher wages, train black people fo give them skills

Why did the AAM originally oppose the code of conduct

Felt like it gave succour to the SA government

What were SATIS and what did they do

South African the imprisoned society Campaigned for the release of Political prisoners in South Africa (NELSON MANDELA)