unit 3

Question 1

What are civil liberties?

Answer 1

Fundamental rights and freedoms that protect individuals from government overreach.

Question 2

What amendment protects freedom of speech?

Answer 2

The First Amendment.

Question 3

True or False: The Bill of Rights applies only to the federal government.

Answer 3

False.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: The _______ doctrine incorporates the Bill of Rights to state governments.

Answer 4

Incorporation.

Question 5

What case established the ‘clear and present danger’ test?

Answer 5

Schenck v. United States.

Question 6

Which amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures?

Answer 6

The Fourth Amendment.

Question 7

What is the significance of the Miranda v. Arizona case?

Answer 7

It established the requirement for police to inform suspects of their rights.

Question 8

True or False: The right to bear arms is explicitly mentioned in the Constitution.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Which amendment abolished slavery?

Answer 9

The Thirteenth Amendment.

Question 10

What does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee?

Answer 10

It guarantees that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Question 11

What landmark case addressed racial segregation in public schools?

Answer 11

Brown v. Board of Education.

Question 12

What is the significance of the Roe v. Wade decision?

Answer 12

It recognized a woman’s legal right to have an abortion.

Question 13

Fill in the blank: The _______ Act prohibits discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Answer 13

Civil Rights.

Question 14

What is meant by ‘affirmative action’?

Answer 14

Policies that seek to improve opportunities for historically marginalized groups.

Question 15

True or False: Hate speech is protected under the First Amendment.

Answer 15

True, unless it incites violence or constitutes a direct threat.

Question 16

Which amendment guarantees the right to a speedy trial?

Answer 16

The Sixth Amendment.

Question 17

What is a ‘precedent’ in the context of civil rights law?

Answer 17

A judicial decision that serves as a rule for future cases.

Question 18

What does the term ‘due process’ refer to?

Answer 18

The legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights owed to a person.

Question 19

Which case ruled that the death penalty is not inherently unconstitutional?

Answer 19

Gregg v. Georgia.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.

Answer 20

Eighth.

Question 21

What is the main focus of the Americans with Disabilities Act?

Answer 21

To prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities.

Question 22

True or False: The right to privacy is explicitly stated in the Constitution.

Answer 22

False.

Question 23

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 aim to eliminate?

Answer 23

Racial discrimination in voting.

Question 24

What is the ‘Lemon Test’ used for?

Answer 24

To determine if a law violates the Establishment Clause.

Question 25

Which clause of the First Amendment protects the freedom of religion?

Answer 25

The Free Exercise Clause.

Question 26

What does 'symbolic speech' refer to?

Answer 26

Actions that express opinions or ideas without spoken words.

Question 27

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment protects the right to assemble peacefully.

Answer 27

First.

Question 28

What does the term 'disparate impact' mean in civil rights law?

Answer 28

Policies that may be neutral in intent but disproportionately affect a particular group.

Question 29

What was the outcome of the Obergefell v. Hodges case?

Answer 29

It legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

Question 30

True or False: The government can limit free speech during times of war.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

What is the significance of the case Loving v. Virginia?

Answer 31

It invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.

Question 32

Which amendment abolished poll taxes in federal elections?

Answer 32

The Twenty-fourth Amendment.

Question 33

What does 'affirmative defense' refer to in a legal context?

Answer 33

A defense that admits to the act but argues there were justifiable reasons.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil cases.

Answer 34

Seventh.

Question 35

What is the role of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)?

Answer 35

To enforce federal laws against workplace discrimination.

Question 36

What are 'Jim Crow' laws?

Answer 36

State laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Question 37

True or False: The right to vote is guaranteed for all citizens by the Constitution.

Answer 37

False, it is not guaranteed for all citizens.

Question 38

What does the term 'gerrymandering' refer to?

Answer 38

The manipulation of electoral district boundaries to favor a particular party.

Question 39

Which case ruled that schools could not sponsor religious activities?

Answer 39

Engel v. Vitale.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment prohibits double jeopardy.

Answer 40

Fifth.

Question 41

What is the purpose of the Civil Rights Movement?

Answer 41

To end racial discrimination and secure equal rights for African Americans.

Question 42

What does the term 'reparations' refer to in the context of civil rights?

Answer 42

Compensation for past injustices, particularly regarding slavery and discrimination.

Question 43

True or False: The Constitution allows for the suspension of habeas corpus.

Answer 43

True, under certain circumstances.

Question 44

What is the significance of the case United States v. Nixon?

Answer 44

It affirmed the principle that no one is above the law, including the president.

Question 45

Which amendment prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes?

Answer 45

The Third Amendment.

Question 46

What is the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)?

Answer 46

A proposed amendment aimed at guaranteeing equal legal rights for all American citizens regardless of sex.

Question 47

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment grants women the right to vote.

Answer 47

Nineteenth.

Question 48

What does the term 'discrimination' mean?

Answer 48

Unjust treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, or age.

Question 49

True or False: The Constitution prohibits all forms of discrimination.

Answer 49

False.

Question 50

What is the significance of the Shelby County v. Holder decision?

Answer 50

It invalidated key provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Question 51

What does the term 'judicial review' refer to?

Answer 51

The power of courts to assess whether a law is in compliance with the Constitution.

Question 52

Which amendment provides for the right to petition the government?

Answer 52

The First Amendment.

Question 53

What is the purpose of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)?

Answer 53

To promote transparency by allowing the public to request access to government records.

Question 54

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment prohibits self-incrimination.

Answer 54

Fifth.

Question 55

What does the term 'suffrage' refer to?

Answer 55

The right to vote in political elections.

Question 56

True or False: The right to free speech includes the right to incite violence.

Answer 56

False.

Question 57

What is the significance of the case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?

Answer 57

It upheld affirmative action but ruled against racial quotas.

Question 58

Which amendment prohibits age discrimination in employment?

Answer 58

The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (not a constitutional amendment but a federal law).

Question 59

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment provides for the right to bear arms.

Answer 59

Second.

Question 60

What does the term 'civil disobedience' mean?

Answer 60

The active refusal to obey certain laws as a form of protest.

Question 61

True or False: The Constitution's protections for civil liberties are absolute.

Answer 61

False.

Question 62

What is the significance of the case Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District?

Answer 62

It protected students' rights to free speech in schools.

Question 63

What does the term 'public accommodation' refer to?

Answer 63

Businesses that are open to the public and must comply with civil rights laws.

Question 64

Fill in the blank: The _______ Clause prohibits the government from establishing a religion.

Answer 64

Establishment.

Question 65

What is the significance of the case New Jersey v. TLO?

Answer 65

It established the standard for searches in public schools.

Question 66

Which amendment protects the right to a fair trial?

Answer 66

The Sixth Amendment.

Question 67

What does the term 'reverse discrimination' refer to?

Answer 67

Favoring one group over another in order to correct past injustices.

Question 68

True or False: The Constitution guarantees the right to privacy.

Answer 68

False.

Question 69

What is the purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer 69

To outlaw discrimination in various areas including employment and public accommodations.

Question 70

Fill in the blank: The _______ Amendment prohibits excessive bail.

Answer 70

Eighth.