what the hormones in digestion
Cholecystokinin, secretin
What happens to the bonus in the stomach
Becomes chyme
What is the purpose of accessory organs
Assistance in digesting food stuff
Makes bile
Liver
Stores bile
Gallbladder
Makes enzymes for chemical digestion of carbs proteins and fats
Makes sodium bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid
Pancreas
Nutrients like water and lipid byproducts pass freely across membranes
passive diffusion
Nutrients like water soluble vitamins diffuse across membranes using specific transport proteins
Facilitated diffusion
Nutrients like glucose and amino acids move across membranes against a concentration gradient, energy (atp)
Active transport
The duodenum absorbs
Many nutrients
The jejunum absorbs
Many nutrients
The ileum absorbs
Only selected nutrients
The colon absorbs
Water
The kidney excretes
Water and water soluble waste
The skin excretes
Water and water soluble waste
The lungs excrete
Carbon dioxide and water
The colon excretes
Water is removed, and waste is compacted
Caused by heat alkali or acid treatments or metals and is required before the protein can be digested
Protein denaturation
Protein character is determined by
How the 20 amino acids are combined together in a sequence
What are the 2 types of protein
Fibrous and globular
Characteristics of fibrous protein
Exclusively sheet formation, long and straight
Characteristics of globular protein
Variation is structure, random
Protein functions include
Enzymes, transportation of nutrients
Kwashiorkor
Protein deficiency
Marasmus
Protein energy deficiency
Accelerated kidney aging can be caused by
Protein excess
Soluble fiber decreases
Ldl
To avoid mercury contamination eat fish that live
Closer to the surface
80% of TFA intake is from ______ and 20% is from _____
Processed foods, animal products
Antioxidant vitamins include
Vitamin E (found in nuts, seeds, veg. Oils)
PUFA decrease
LDL & HDL
TLC diet is for diets needing
Assistance with heart disease
High triglyceride levels thickest the blood causing
Hypertriglyceridemia
Risk factors for heart disease
Genetics, male, diabetes, obesity, stress
What is optimal blood pressure
120/80
Pre hypertension blood pressure
120-140/80-90
Stage 1 hypertension
140-150/90-100
Stage 2 hypertension
> 160/ >100
Leading cause of arterial wall injury
Hypertension
DASH diet
Dietary approach to stop hypertension
LDL
bad, 77.5% serum cholesterol
HDL
good, 17.5% serum cholesterol
You are diabetic if your fasting blood glucose is greater than
126
Normal blood glucose is
70-99
Pre diabetes blood glucose
100-125
Type 2 diabetes is insulin ______
Resistance
Type 2 diabetes is ____ common and it ___% of cases
Very, 95%
Type 1 diabetes is _____ common, insulin ______, and is __% of cases
Less, defendant, 5%
Lactose intolerance and maldigestion are due to inability to digest ____ sugar, NOT an allergic reaction to ____ protien
milk
Insulin is anabolic or catabolic
Anabolic
Glucagon is anabolic or catabolic
Catabolic
Glycogen is the ____ form of glucose
Storage
Glucose is used for
Immediate carb energy, muscle functioning
Soluble fiber provides _____ health
Heart
Benefits of fiber
stool bulk, stool softener, decreases transit time, improves GI tract muscle tone, heart health
Function fiber is fiber we ____
add
Solubility means
Softens and gels in water
Sources of soluble fiber
Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and oats
Insolubility means
Does not soften in water
Sources of insoluble fiber
whole grain foods, celery strings, Apple peels
Fiber recommendations: Personalized DRI is
1.4 grams fiber per total fiber per 100 cal consumed
What are enzymes made of
protein
