Unit 3 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the difference between structural and condensed structural formulas?
Structural is all the carbons branched to all the hydrogens and condensed structural is just CH3CH2CH2CH3
What are the prefixes for 1-10?
1- meth 2- eth 3- prop 4- but 5- pent 6- hex 7-hept 8- oct 9- non 10- dec
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds with only hydrogen and carbon
How many bonds to alkanes, Alkenes, and alkynes have and what are their endings?
Alkanes- all single bonds, -ane
Alkenes- has a double bond, -ene
Alkynes- has a triple bond, -yne
Which has priority for lowest number the double bond or the methyl and Ethyls?
The double or triple bond
Name of a cycloalkane that is a square
Cyclobutane
What is an isomer?
Compounds that have the same formula but different structures
Example of saturated bonds and example of unsaturated?
Saturated- alkanes
Unsaturated- alkenes
What is benzene?
Is an aromatic hydrocarbon formed in a ring with double bonds at 1,3, and 5
It’s a hexagon (6 sides)
What is phenol?
Is a benzene with an alcohol group on carbon 1 (OH)
What is the priorities in naming organic compounds? Highest to lowest
Carboxylic acids Esters Amides Aldehydes Ketones Alcohols Amines Alkenes Alkynes Alkanes Ethers
What are carboxylic acids?
Has a carbon with a double bonded Oxygen and a alcohol group attached to an end carbon
C=O
|
OH
-oic acid
What is an ester? And what is the suffix?
Has a carbon with a double bonded O and a single bonded oxygen anywhere in the structure
C=O
|
O
-oate
What is an amide? What is it’s suffix?
A carbon had a double bonded oxygen and a nitrogen bonded with two hydrogens to it at the end of the structure C=O | N-H Or NH2 | H
-amide
What is an aldehyde? What is it’s suffix?
A carbon with a double bonded oxygen and a hydrogen on the end of a structure
C=O
|
H
-al
What is a ketone? What is it’s suffix?
A carbon with a double bonded oxygen on it somewhere in the structure (not on the ends)
C-C-C
||
O
-one
What is an alcohol? What is it’s suffix?
Is an oxygen with two sets of free electrons and a hydrogen attached to it
O-H or OH
-ol
What is an amine? What is it’s suffix?
At nitrogen attached to a carbon with a set of free electrons and two hydrogens attached anywhere on the structure
N-H Or NH2
|
H
-amine
What is a haloalkane? What is it’s prefix?
Has a halogen bonded off of a carbon like X or Cl surround by free electrons
C-X
(Name of halogen)o-
Xeno-
What is an ether? What is it’s suffix?
Has an oxygen with two sets of free electrons somewhere in the middle of a structure not on the ends.
C-O-C
Ether
Ex: dimethyl ether
What are polymers?
Are large molecules made from small units called monomers joined together
What are examples of polymers?
Starch, protein, plastic, polystyrene, nylon, and polyester
What are addition polymers?
These are formed when monomers with double bonds are joined together
What are condensation polymers? What are examples?
Are made by reactions that remove water to join the monomers.
Ex: nylon, PET, polyethylene terephthalate, and polyamides like kevlar
