Unit 6 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is the process in which ions are formed from solute molecules by the action of the solvent?
Dissociation
What happens when a molecular substance ionizes in water?
Charged particles are formed and the more electronegative atom becomes a negative ion
What does solubility describe?
The amount of solute per amount of solvent required to produce a saturated solution at a given temperature
What does a saturated solution have?
A maximum amount of solute dissolved in that solvent at that temperature
What three things can affect the rate at which things dissolve?
Temperature
Agitation
Surface area
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that contains more solute than a similar saturated solution under the same conditions
Usually done by heating, adding solute, then cooking slowly
What is an electrolyte?
Examples?
A substance that when dissolved in water, forms ions which conduct an electric current
Ex: ionic compounds, acids and bases
What is a nonelectrolyte? Example?
Substance that when dissolved in water, does not produce ions and will not conduct an electric current
Ex: sucrose
What is a strong electrolyte?
A compound that breaks up (dissociates or ionizes) entirely or almost entirely and exists as ions in a solution
What is a weak electrolyte?
Has only a small amount of the dissolved compound existing as ions
Does solubility of or compounds effect whether they are strong or weak?
No
What is the difference between dissociation and ionization?
Dissociation separates ions while ionizations produces them
If the product of a reaction is insoluble or soluble, what form does it come in?
Soluble - aquesite
Insoluble - solid
What is the common ion effect?
It is when an ion that is common to 2 diluted will produce a precipitate or reduce ionization
What is Ksp? What is the formula?
The solubility product constant
The equilibrium constant of a saturated ionic solution
Ksp= products/reactants
What don’t you include when calculating Ksp?
Solids or liquids
What does a large Ksp mean?
Means that there are many ions in solution (very soluble)
Increases solubility
What does a low Ksp mean?
Means that there are very few ions in a solution (it is insoluble)
Decreases solubility
What can solubility-product principles be applied to?
Only sparingly soluble substances
How do you solve a Ksp question when given the solubility of the solid and the volume?
First use that solubility to find the number of mols by dividing it by the total molar mass of the compound, then take that and put it into the equation C=n/v and use that concentration as the x value for the rest
What is a molecular compound that ionizes in water?
HCl
What is H3O?
It is the PH level thingies
Less of it means less acidic
How do you find out which compound is precipitated when given two compounds added with the same second Element?
You find which ever first element is more electronegative and that one is the one that doesn’t precipitate
Ex: HBr KBr
H is more electronegative so KBr is precipitated
