Unit 3 (Ap World History) Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is a land-based Empire?
A land-based empire is an empire whose power primarily comes from the extent of its territorial holdings.
What are the four major land-based empires in Unit 3?
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Qing Dynasty
What was the key to the expansion of land-based empires?
Gunpowder/ gunpowder weapons
What did the Ottomans rename Constantinople after conquering it in 1453
Istanbul
Why was the conquest of Constantinople so significant?
because Constantinople was the heart of the Roman Empire, and its fall opened the door for further expansion into Eastern Europe
Who were the Janissaries
The Ottomans utilized a policy of enslaving Christians in the Balkans, converting them to Islam, and forming an elite fighting force known as the Janissaries
Who led the Savid Empire
Shah Ismail, then Shah Abbas
How did Shah Abbas build up the Safavid military
by establishing an enslaved army of Christians from conquered regions in the Caucasus. These highly trained soldiers contributed significantly to the Safavids’ ability to expand.
What kind of Muslims were the Ottomans?
Sunni Muslims
What kind of Muslims were the Safavids
Shia Muslims
Sunni Muslims
believed that any spiritually fit person could be Muhammad’s successor
Shia Muslims
believed that only blood relatives of Muhammad were his legitimate successors.
What event started the Mughals’ rule?
Founded when Babur led campaigns against the Delhi Sultanate in 1526 and wiped it off the map, beginning the period of Mughal rule in South Asia.
Who was Akbar
Babur’s grandson
What happened under Akbar’s rule?
The empire expanded rapidly, and religious tolerance improved, making the Mughal Empire the most prosperous empire of the 16th century
What happened after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty?
The Han Chinese established the Ming Dynasty.
Who overthrew the Ming Dynasty? What did they establish?
The Manchu people overthrew the Ming Dynasty and established the Qing Dynasty.
What was the Mughal-Safavid conflict about
The Mughal Empire tried to push the Safavids out of their territory. The conflict was intensified by religious differences
What was the religious conflict between the Mughal-Savid
The Safavids were Shia Muslims, while the Mughals were Sunni. Each empire believed they were the true representative of Islam and sought dominance over the region.
Legitimize Power
The methods a ruler uses to establish their authority
Consolidate Power
The methods a ruler uses to transfer power from other groups to themselves
What were the 4 Methods Rulers Used to Administer their Empires
Large Bureaucracies
Development of Military Professionals
Religious Ideas(Art/Monumental Architecture)
Innovations in Tax Collection Systems
What is a bureaucracy
A bureaucracy includes the thousands of government officials who ensure laws are enforced throughout the Empire.
What was the devshirme system?
a system that involved enslaving Christians from the Balkans, converting them to Islam, educating/training them in Istanbul, and appointing top performers to elite positions in the Ottoman bureaucracy.
