Unit 3 - Biochemistry

Question 1

The solvent is…

Answer 1

what another substance is dissolved in

Question 2

The solute is…

Answer 2

what is being dissolved

Question 3

The tendency of water molecules to stick to OTHER things is called…

Answer 3

adhesion

Question 4

The tendency of water molecules to stick to EACH OTHER is called…

Answer 4

cohesion

Question 5

What is the chemical formula of water?

Answer 5

H2O

Question 6

When a molecule has a positively-charged end and a negatively-charged end, it is…

Answer 6

polar

Question 7

Where are electrons found in an atom?

Answer 7

the electron cloud

Question 8

Protons and neutrons are found where in an atom?

Answer 8

the nucleus

Question 9

A substance that cannot be broken down into any smaller substances is called a(n)…

Answer 9

element

Question 10

If one or more substance(s) have been completely dissolved in another, then you have a…

Answer 10

solution

Question 11

If you can easily separate the parts of a mixture and they have retained (kept) their original properties, then you are looking at a…

Answer 11

mixture

Question 12

Water is one of the only naturally-neutral substances. That means its pH is…

Answer 12

equal to 7

Question 13

Substances that have a pH of greater than 7 are…

Answer 13

basic

Question 14

If a substance has a pH of less than 7, it is…

Answer 14

acidic

Question 15

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Answer 15

Glucose & Oxygen

Question 16

Where in the cell does GLYCOLYSIS occur as part of cell respiration?

Answer 16

cytoplasm

Question 17

What pigment absorbs sunlight within the chloroplast?

Answer 17

chlorophyll

Question 18

What is the ultimate source of energy?

Answer 18

the sun

Question 19

What are 3 things that will affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Intensity of sunlight, availability of water, temperature

Question 20

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 20

chloroplast

Question 21

In which organelle does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 21

mitochondria

Question 22

Which type of respiration, aerobic or anaerobic, produces more energy?

Answer 22

aerobic respiration

Question 23

In which organisms does cellular respiration occur?

Answer 23

All organisms

Question 24

In which organisms does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 24

Plants

Question 25

Which two molecules are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

Glucose & Oxygen

Question 26

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Answer 26

Sunlight & Water & Carbon Dioxide

Question 27

Which energy molecule (ATP or ADP) has more energy?

Answer 27

ATP

Question 28

When ATP removes a phosphate by breaking a bond, what new molecule is formed? (This is our 'rechargeable battery' molecule!)

Answer 28

ADP

Question 29

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 29

Bonds between the phosphates are broken

Question 30

How do we store energy in a molecule of ATP?

Answer 30

Add a phosphate to a molecule of ADP

Question 31

Which process is used to produce ATP when oxygen IS present?

Answer 31

aerobic respiration

Question 32

What is another name for the process of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 32

fermentation

Question 33

Which process produces ATP *without* oxygen present?

Answer 33

anaerobic respiration

Question 34

To figure out how an atom will interact with other atoms, we look at the...

Answer 34

valence electrons

Question 35

The smallest part of a compound is called a(n)...

Answer 35

molecule

Question 36

In a chemical equation, the thing that is being produced is called a...

Answer 36

product

Question 37

In a chemical equation, the things that are doing the reacting are called the...

Answer 37

reactants

Question 38

True or False: Chemical reactions must always be balanced, because we never create nor destroy atoms.

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

Which type of bonding involves atoms GIVING & TAKING electrons?

Answer 39

ionic bonding

Question 40

If an atom has a different number of NEUTRONS than it should(and its atomic mass is different than usual), it is called...

Answer 40

an isotope

Question 41

Which type of bonding involves atoms SHARING electrons?

Answer 41

covalent bonding

Question 42

To find the atomic MASS, which two particles do you add together?

Answer 42

protons + neutrons

Question 43

If an atom has a different number of ELECTRONS than it "should" have based on its position in the periodic table, it is called an...

Answer 43

ion

Question 44

To find the atomic NUMBER, you count which particle?

Answer 44

protons

Question 45

Neutrons have what kind of charge?

Answer 45

neutral

Question 46

Protons have what kind of charge?

Answer 46

positive

Question 47

Electrons have what kind of charge?

Answer 47

negative

Question 48

The smallest part of an element is called a(n)...

Answer 48

atom

Question 49

How many sugars are in a disaccharide?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

How many sugars are in a monosaccharide?

Answer 50

1

Question 51

Peptide bonds hold together which type of monomer to build proteins?

Answer 51

amino acids

Question 52

True or False: Lipids can be saturated OR unsaturated.

Answer 52

TRUE

Question 53

In an enzyme, which part is the "key", or the part that binds to the enzyme to let it do its job?

Answer 53

substrate

Question 54

In an enzyme, which part is the "lock", or the site where the enzyme needs something to bind in order to do its job?

Answer 54

active site

Question 55

RNA & DNA are made up of which macromolecule?

Answer 55

nucleic acids

Question 56

The specialized proteins that act as "lock and key" mechanisms to control the speed of reactions are called...

Answer 56

enzymes

Question 57

Are lipids soluble or insoluble in water?

Answer 57

insoluble

Question 58

True or False: Water is formed during the process of hydrolysis.

Answer 58

FALSE

Question 59

Which reaction is used to BREAK carbon molecules?

Answer 59

hydrolysis

Question 60

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?

Answer 60

Nitrogen base & ribose sugar & phosphate group

Question 61

Nucleotides are the monomers of...

Answer 61

nucleic acids

Question 62

Fatty acids are part of what makes up...

Answer 62

lipids

Question 63

Amino acids are the building blocks of...

Answer 63

proteins

Question 64

Saccharides are the building blocks of...

Answer 64

carbohydrates

Question 65

What are the three uses for lipids?

Answer 65

Insulation, energy storage, protective coatings (like membranes)

Question 66

Which reaction is used to MAKE carbon molecules?

Answer 66

condensation

Question 67

True or False: Macromolecules such as proteins can contain hundreds or thousands of carbon atoms.

Answer 67

TRUE

Question 68

Molecules bonded together to form chains are...

Answer 68

polymers

Question 69

Does Carbon form covalent or ionic bonds?

Answer 69

covalent

Question 70

Carbon has how many valence electrons?

Answer 70

4