Unit 6 - Evolution & Classification

Question 1

The primitive Earth’s atmosphere is hypothesized to have no…

Answer 1

oxygen

Question 2

Where do scientists believe life originated on the Earth?

Answer 2

the oceans

Question 3

The belief that life comes only from other life is called…

Answer 3

biogenesis

Question 4

Humans arrived on Earth during which era?

Answer 4

Cenozoic

Question 5

How old do scientists think that the earth is?

Answer 5

4.6 billion years

Question 6

What kind of rock are most fossils found in?

Answer 6

sedimentary

Question 7

Which microorganism created the first oxygen that changed Earth’s atmosphere at the end of the Precambrian era?

Answer 7

cyanobacteria

Question 8

The process of making energy using Oxygen is called _________ and could only happen with the presence of organisms able to carry on photosynthesis.

Answer 8

aerobic respiration

Question 9

When species start from a common ancestor but gradually become more extinct, this is called…

Answer 9

divergent evolution

Question 10

Species that evolved similar traits because they have similar roles in their environments but are NOT genetically related are a result of…

Answer 10

covergent evolution

Question 11

Structures that have a similar embryological origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm are called…

Answer 11

homologous structures

Question 12

Charles Darwin proposed the theory called _____ that said organisms best suited to their environment have the best chance of surviving.

Answer 12

natural selection

Question 13

Type of selection that favors the average; reduces variation

Answer 13

stabilizing selection

Question 14

Type of selection that favors both extremes; results in 2 new species

Answer 14

disruptive selection

Question 15

Type of selection that favors one extreme; results in rapid change in a species.

Answer 15

directional selection

Question 16

Movement of genes between populations

Answer 16

gene flow

Question 17

Movement of genes OUT of a population

Answer 17

emigration

Question 18

Movement of genes INTO a population

Answer 18

immigration

Question 19

Adaptation that allows an organism to blend into its environment

Answer 19

camouflage

Question 20

Adaptation that allows a species to look like another species

Answer 20

mimicry

Question 21

A structure that was useful to ancestors and is still found in modern organisms, but has NO use(ex: human tailbone), is called…

Answer 21

vestigial structure

Question 22

Humans that were nearly identical to homo sapiens evolved from a side branch were called…

Answer 22

Cro-Magnon

Question 23

Organisms that are able to walk upright on two feet are…

Answer 23

bipedal

Question 24

The first cells were called…

Answer 24

protocells

Question 25

Bacteria that can live in very harsh conditions and make energy through chemosynthesis are called...

Answer 25

archaebacteria

Question 26

Belief that nonliving materials could be transformed into living organisms

Answer 26

spontaneous generation

Question 27

When evolution occurs in short, rapid bursts in response to changes in environment

Answer 27

punctuated evolution

Question 28

When evolution occurs very slowly over a long period of time

Answer 28

gradualism

Question 29

Percentage of an allele in a population

Answer 29

allelic frequency

Question 30

Total number of genes present in a population

Answer 30

gene pool

Question 31

The trait that allows humans to grasp things and use tools

Answer 31

opposable thumb

Question 32

2 lines of evolution from hominoids; includes humans and African apes

Answer 32

hominids

Question 33

Measurement used in radiometric dating; the amount of time it takes for half of the material to decay

Answer 33

half-life

Question 34

Humans belong to this group of terrestrial mammals with many shared features including opposable thumbs

Answer 34

primates

Question 35

Which group of primates that are nocturnal and small in size (ex: ring-tailed lemurs)?

Answer 35

prosimians

Question 36

Which group of primates do humans belong to?

Answer 36

anthropoids

Question 37

Which kingdom is filled with Earth's decomposers (ex: molds)?

Answer 37

fungi

Question 38

Which kingdom do we belong to?

Answer 38

animalia

Question 39

Which kingdom includes every type of bacteria EXCEPT for archaebacteria?

Answer 39

eubacteria

Question 40

Organisms in the archaebacteria kingdom are...

Answer 40

prokaryotic

Question 41

Organisms in the protist kingdom...

Answer 41

can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic

Question 42

If an organism is sessile(like plants or fungi) then it...

Answer 42

is stationary

Question 43

If an organism is mobile(such as animals or bacteria), then it...

Answer 43

can move under its own power

Question 44

Which scientist(s) disproved spontaneous generation using flies and meat?

Answer 44

Francesco Redi

Question 45

Which scientist(s) disproved spontaneous generation of microorganisms using broth?

Answer 45

Louis Pasteur

Question 46

Which scientist(s) performaned an experiment to support Oparin's theory of biogenesis?

Answer 46

Urey & Miller

Question 47

The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved through a symbiotic relationship is called...

Answer 47

endosymbiosis

Question 48

If an organism displays NO symmetry, that is...

Answer 48

asymmetry

Question 49

If an organism can be divided along any plane on a central axis, that is...

Answer 49

radial symmetry

Question 50

If an organism can be divided into 2 halves, that is...

Answer 50

bilateral symmetry

Question 51

The branch of science dedicated to organizing and naming organisms is called...

Answer 51

taxonomy

Question 52

The process of organizing and naming living things according to similar characteristics is...

Answer 52

classification

Question 53

Which of these are used in binomial nomenclature?

Answer 53

Genus and Species

Question 54

What is the name of the most specific classification level?

Answer 54

Species

Question 55

If an organism makes its own food, it is...

Answer 55

autotrophic

Question 56

If an organism gets its food by consuming other organisms, it is...

Answer 56

heterotrophic

Question 57

Dinosaurs roamed the earth during which era?

Answer 57

Mesozoic

Question 58

True or False: If two organisms are in the same genus, they are also in the same family.

Answer 58

TRUE

Question 59

True or False: If two organisms are in the same order, they are in the same species.

Answer 59

FALSE