Unit 3: Biological Bases of Behavior Flashcards
1
Q
The Nervous system splits into what 2 parts?
A
- Central NS
- Peripheral NS
2
Q
The Peripheral NS splits into what 2 parts?
A
- Autonomic
- Somatic
3
Q
Autonomic NS
A
- Automatic movements
ex. Breathing, blinking….
4
Q
Somatic NS
A
-Voluntary movements
5
Q
The autonomic NS splits into what 2 parts?
A
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
6
Q
Sympathetic NS
A
- when under stress
ex. heart rate increases, breathing, dilatation of eyes, digestive system slows
7
Q
Parasympathetic NS
A
- to calm one done after Sympathetic Reaction
8
Q
Endocrine System
A
- made up of glands and hormones
- through blood stream
9
Q
Pituitary Gland
A
- brain
- growth
10
Q
Pineal
A
- brain
- circadian rhythm
- melatonin
11
Q
Thyroid
A
- neck
- metabolism
12
Q
Adrenal
A
- by kidneys
- releases adrenaline
13
Q
Pancreas
A
- stomach region
- controls blood sugar (Insulin)
14
Q
3 types of neurons
A
- Motor
- Interneuron
- sensory
15
Q
Motor neuron
A
-controls movements
16
Q
Interneuron
A
- connects the 2 (messenger)
17
Q
Sensory Neuron
A
- senses
18
Q
Dendrite
A
-where the message enters the neuron
19
Q
Cell Body/ Soma
A
- Contains “normal” cell parts
20
Q
Axon
A
-long fiber that a message travels through
21
Q
Axon terminal
A
- where the message leaves
22
Q
Myelin Sheath
A
- covers the axon
- helps message move faster
23
Q
Action Potential (3 phases)
A
- Resting potential
- Action Potential
- Refractory Period
24
Q
Resting Period
A
+ ions are outside and - are inside
-no message/ no movement
25
Action Potential
+ flood in and - are still inside
-gates upon and positive ions rush in
26
Refractory Period
+ move back to outside and - stay in
- moved out
- nothing created or destroyed
27
Synapse
-gap between the axon terminal one one neuron and the dendrite of another
28
Neurotransmitters
- chemicals that travel from one neuron to the next to send a message
29
Excitatory
- sends message to next neuron
30
Inhibitory
- stops message
31
Reuptake
- the extra neurotransmitters go back into the terminal of which they came
32
Acetylcholine
- learning
-memory
-muscle contraction
(Alzheimers/ Muscle Paralysis)
33
Dopamine
-rush of good feelings
-learning/ attention
-movements
-emotions
(Parkinson's/ Schizophrenia)
34
Serotonin
-sleep
-mood
-hunger
-impulsivity
(Depression/ADD/ADHD)
35
Epinephrine
-Fight or flight response
| Depressed mood
36
Endorphins
- happy
| - block pain
37
GABA
-Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
| Seizures, tremors, Insomnia
38
Glutamate
- excitatory
| seizures/migraines
39
Drugs can affect neurotransmitters by
- mimic
| - block reuptake
40
Brainstem/Medulla
-Involuntary Functions
| Coma/Death/Paralysis
41
Pons
-Connects Medulla to cerebrum and cerebellum
| dreaming,poor coordination, cant't breathe-> bad muscle connections
42
Reticular Formation
| Reticular Activating System
-Circadian Rhythm
| Insomnia, drowsiness
43
Thalamus
-relay station for SENSORY info
| synesthesia- blending of senses
44
Cerebellum
-balance
-coordination
-posture
-muscle memory
(balance+coordination issues/paralysis)
45
Amygdala
-extreme emotions
-control center
(depression/anxiety)
46
Hypothalamus
```
Regulates:
-temp
-hunger
-thirst
(weird temp conditions/unusual eating)
```
47
Hippocampus
-short to long term memory
| Amnesia
48
Limbic System
-controls emotion and stress response
| over emotion
49
Glial Cells
-brain cells that support and nourish neurons
| bubble wrap
50
Fissures
- "wrinkles"
| - creates SA
51
Cerebrum
- higher level thinking
| - senses
52
Frontal Lobe
- decision making/judgment/logic/planning/reason
| - also called prefrontal cortex
53
Pariental Lobe
- sense and touch
| - pressure/pain/temp
54
Somatosensory Cortex
Phantom Pain
55
Temporal Lobe
-hearing/memory/speech
56
Occipital Lobe
-vision
57
Broca's Area
-physical ability to make speech
| LEFT SIDE
58
Wernicke's Area
-ability to create meaningful/comprehendible speech
| LEFT SIDE
59
Angular Gyrus
-ability to read out loud
60
Corpus Callosum
-band of fibers that connect the right and left brain
61
EEG
-electrodes on head
62
CAT Scan
-basic picture
63
MRI
-more detailed than CAT
64
PET Scan
- activity of brain
| - glucose injected
65
FMRI
-hybrid between MRI and PET Scan
66
Hormones
-molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour
67
Parathyroid Gland
-parathyroid glands are four tiny glands, located in the neck, that control the body's calcium levels
68
Threshold
-Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value
69
Neurogenesis
-is the process of birth of neurons wherein neurons are generated from neural stem cells.
70
Corpus Callosum
-thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres. It connects the left and right sides
71
frontal association area
-by far the most developed part of the cerebral cortex, and the brain in genera
72
Left Brain
- math
- facts
- logic
73
Right Brain
- imagination
- rhythm
- arts
74
Cognitive Neuroscience
-a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes
75
Dual Processing
-Often, the two processes consist of an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process
76
Behavior Genetics
- is a field in which variation among individuals is separated into genetic versus environmental component
77
Heritability
-The first is a statistical definition, and it defines heritability as the proportion of phenotypic variance attributable to genetic variance.
