Unit 3: Bony Thorax

Question 1

3 parts of the bony thorax:

Answer 1

sternum, thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs

Question 2

list the 3 parts of the sternum:

Answer 2

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 3

What is the most distal aspect of the sternum?

Answer 3

xiphoid process

Question 4

What is the name of the palpable junction between the upper and midportion of the sternum?

Answer 4

sternal angle

Question 5

Which aspect of the sternum possesses the jugular notch?

Answer 5

manubrium

Question 6

list the rib numbers of the:
true ribs
false ribs
floating ribs

Answer 6

true: 1-7
false: 8-12
floating: 11 and 12

Question 7

What distinguishes a true rib from a false rib?

Answer 7

true ribs attach directly to the sternum with its own costocartilage

Question 8

What distinguishes a floating rib from a false rib?

Answer 8

floating ribs do not have costocartilage

Question 9

Which part of the sternum do the second ribs articulate?

Answer 9

sternal angle

Question 10

What structures is (are) found in the costal groove of each rib?

Answer 10

vein
artery
nerve

Question 11

what do the false ribs have in common?

Answer 11

costalcartilage joins together at the costocartilage at rib 7

Question 12

landmarks of bony thorax:

Answer 12

jugular notch: T2-3
sternal angle: T4-5
xiphoid: T9-10
inferior costal margin: L2-3

Question 13

sternoclavicular, costovertebral, and interchondral joints are all what kind of joint movement?

Answer 13

plane (gliding) and diarthrodial

Question 14

sternocostal and the costochondral union joints are what kind of joint movement?

Answer 14

synarthrodial - immovable

Question 15

pathology (fractures) of the sternum is most commonly caused by:

Answer 15

blunt trauma

Question 16

list three chest pathologic conditions that may result from a rib injury and may require a PA and lat. chest projections to be included:

Answer 16

pneumothorax
hemothorax
pulmonary confusion

Question 17

Osteolytic metastasis:

Answer 17

destructive lesions with irregular margins

Question 18

Osteoblastic metastasis:

Answer 18

proliferative bony lesions of increased density

Question 19

Osteomyelitis:

Answer 19

localized infection of bone and marrow

Question 20

what is the most common cause of osteomyelitis?

Answer 20

bacterial infection

Question 21

pectus carinatum (pigeon breast)

Answer 21

protrusion of lower sternum and xiphoid process (big, puffy chest)

Question 22

pectus excavatum (funnel chest):

Answer 22

a depressed “dug into” chest/sternum

Question 23

RAO sternum kVp range

Answer 23

70-85

Question 24

lateral sternum, SC joints, and ribs kVp range

Answer 24

75-85

Question 25

pt position for sternum:

Answer 25

RAO: erect
lateral: lat. erect or recumbent

Question 26

pt position for SC joints:

Answer 26

PA: prone
anterior obliques: prone/erect w/ 10-15° rotation

Question 27

pt position for ribs above and below diaphragm:

Answer 27

AP bilateral: above, erect; below: supine

PA bilateral: above: erect

AP unilateral: above, erect; below, supine

anterior obliques: 45° w/ affected side closest to IR posteriorly, affected side away from IR anteriorly

Question 28

Which projection uses a 72” SID than the others for bony thorax and why?

Answer 28

lateral sternum; magnification

Question 29

respiration phase for RAO sternum:

Answer 29

orthostatic breathing

Question 30

respiration phase for lateral sternum:

Answer 30

suspend respiration on inspiration

Question 31

respiration phase for both SC joint projections:

Answer 31

suspend on expiration

Question 32

respiration phase for AP bilateral and unilateral ribs

Answer 32

above diaphragm: suspend on deep inspiration

below diaphragm: full expiration

Question 33

respiration phase for PA bilateral ribs:

Answer 33

suspend respiration on inspiration

Question 34

respiration phase for anterior oblique ribs:

Answer 34

above: suspend respiration on inspiration

below: on expiration