Unit 3– Cardiovascular system

Question 1

Functions of circulatory system

Answer 1

• transports oxygen and nutrients
• temperature regulation
• protects body from infection and disease

Question 2

oxygenated blood

Answer 2

• carries nutrients

- rich in oxygen

Question 3

deoxygenated blood

Answer 3

• carries waste (CO2)

- low in oxygen

Question 4

haemoglobin

Answer 4

chemical responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood

Question 5

parts of double-circulatory system

Answer 5

• systematic circuit

- pulmonary circuit

Question 6

systematic circuit

Answer 6

• deoxygenated blood

- body to heart to lungs

Question 7

pulmonary circuit

Answer 7

• oxygenated blood

- lungs to heart to body

Question 8

plasma

Answer 8

• mainly made out of water to allow substances to dissolve and be transported easily

Question 9

red blood cells

Answer 9

contain haemoglobin that reacts with oxygen to create oxyhemoglobin

Question 10

white blood cells

Answer 10

defend body against pathogens by engulfing them or creating antibodies

Question 11

platelets

Answer 11

contain enzyme that causes blood to clot when there is damage to blood vessels / if they’re exposed to air

Question 12

components of blood

Answer 12

plasma, platelets, red blood cells, white blood cells

Question 13

artery

Answer 13

• narrow lumen
• high pressure
• thick muscular wall
• no valves

Question 14

vein

Answer 14

• wide lumen
• low pressure
• thin wall
• yes valves

Question 15

capillaries

Answer 15

• extremely narrow lumen
• low pressure
• very thin wall
• no valves
• as thin, oxygen and CO2 allowed to diffuse. Nutrients and O2 extracted from blood and left w/ CO2

Question 16

types of blood vessels

Answer 16

artery, vein, capillary

Question 17

heart rate

Answer 17

heart beats per minute (when ventricles are contracting)

Question 18

stroke volume

Answer 18

volume of blood pumped out of the heart by each ventricle in one beat (ml/beat)

Question 19

cardiac output

Answer 19

amount of blood expelled from heart each minute (ml/m)

Question 20

maximum heart rate

Answer 20

220-age

Question 21

cardiac output equation

Answer 21

heart rate*stroke volume= cardiac output

Question 22

When Fit…

Answer 22

• lower heart rate
• increased stroke volume
• quick removal of waste products
• better heart overall
• stronger intercostal muscles
• increased alveoli and capillaries

Question 23

speed of recovery factors

Answer 23

• age
• genetics
• gender
• health
• intensity of exercise
• levels of lactic acid

Question 24

long term endurance training

Answer 24

• increase in stroke volume
• low heart rate
• increase in blood plasma allowing more blood to enter left ventricle

Question 25

Heart– Blood Travelling

Answer 25

1. Right Atrium 2. Right Ventricle 3. Pulmonary arteries 4. Pulmonary veins 5. Left atrium 6. Left ventricle 7. Aorta