Unit 4– Energy Supply/ Effects of exercise on body

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

• contain glucose

- i.e. bread, potatoes

Question 2

Glucose storing

Answer 2

• in muscles as glycogen

- in liver (and released when glucose levels in blood fall low)

Question 3

why glucose important

Answer 3

• important energy source needed by all cells in our body (aka sugar)

Question 4

what is glycogen

Answer 4

• form of glucose
• stored in liver and muscles
• immediate source of energy

Question 5

aerobic respiration equation

Answer 5

glucose+ oxygen= water+CO2+Energy

Question 6

what can energy be used for

Answer 6

cell activity

Question 7

anaerobic respiration equation

Answer 7

glucose= lactic acid +energy

Question 8

what produced in aerobic respiration

Answer 8

• heat to maintain body temp.
• water (transported by blood, used by body or expelled by urine)
• CO2 (then removed by blood or exhaled through lungs)

Question 9

what produced in anaerobic respiration

Answer 9

• lactic acid

Question 10

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 10

process of converting glucose into energy without oxygen

Question 11

lactic acid

Answer 11

• waste product
• makes muscles tired and painful
• prevents further energy from being created until it’s removed

Question 12

how is lactic acid broken down

Answer 12

• by oxygen

- lactic acid= CO2 + H2O

Question 13

name for oxygen required to remove lactic acid

Answer 13

• oxygen debt

Question 14

aerobic respiration

Answer 14

• oxygen present
• low amounts of energy used during long period of time
• i.e. marathon running, skiing gently

Question 15

anaerobic respiration

Answer 15

• lots of energy in small amounts
• powerful sports (i.e. sprinting, weight lifting)
• no or lack of oxygen

Question 16

oxygen debt definition

Answer 16

temporary oxygen shortage in body tissues arising from exercise

Question 17

what does EPOC stand for?

Answer 17

excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 18

about EPOC

Answer 18

• caused by intense exercise
• produces lactic acid
• requires higher breathing rate to remove lactic acid

Question 19

Short-term effects of exercise– general

Answer 19

• sweating
• redness
• nausea

Question 20

Short-term effects of exercise– cardiovascular

Answer 20

• increase in heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume and cardiac output

Question 21

Short-term effects of exercise– respiratory

Answer 21

• increase in breathing rate, oxygen intake/ removal of CO2 and tidal volume

Question 22

Short-term effects of exercise– muscular

Answer 22

increase in lactate production and muscle temperature

Question 23

Short-term effects of exercise– energy

Answer 23

• muscular fatigue

Question 24

what is hypertrophy and example

Answer 24

• increase in size

- biceps muscular hypertrophy= show as larger bicep muscle

Question 25

ways to improve muscular hypertrophy

Answer 25

weight training

Question 26

ways to improve cardiac hypertrophy

Answer 26

interval training

Question 27

long term exercise effects

Answer 27

- larger/thicker atrium and ventricle wall - muscle wall of LEFT VENTRICLE increases size - higher stroke volume (as able to pump out more blood) - higher SV, lower HR, higher Q

Question 28

LONG TERM EXERCISE EFFECTS– CARDIOVASCULAR

Answer 28

- cardiac hypertrophy - increased SV - decreased resting HR - increased max Q - increased number of red blood cells - capillarisation at lungs and muscles

Question 29

LONG TERM EXERCISE EFFECTS– RESPIRATORY

Answer 29

- increased number of functioning alveoli - capillarisation at lungs and muscles - increased number of red blood cells - increased strength of diaphragm and intercostal muscles

Question 30

LONG TERM EXERCISE EFFECTS– MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Answer 30

- muscular hypertrophy | - increased strength of tendons

Question 31

LONG TERM EXERCISE EFFECTS– SKELETAL SYSTEM

Answer 31

- increased bone density | - increased strength of ligaments