Unit 3 - Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Aer/o
A
Air
2
Q
Alveol/o
A
Alveolus
3
Q
Anthrac/o
A
Coal
4
Q
Atel/o
A
Incomplete
5
Q
Bronch/o
A
Bronchus
6
Q
Bronchi/o
A
Bronchus
7
Q
Bronchiol/o
A
Bronchiole
8
Q
Coni/o
A
Dust
9
Q
Cyan/o
A
Blue
10
Q
Cyst/o
A
Sac
11
Q
Diaphragmat/o
A
Diaphragm
12
Q
Epiglott/o
A
Epiglottis
13
Q
Hal/o
A
To breathe
14
Q
Laryng/o
A
Larynx
15
Q
Lob/o
A
Lobe
16
Q
Muc/o
A
Mucus
17
Q
Nas/o
A
Nose
18
Q
Ox/o, ox/i
A
Oxygen
19
Q
Pharyng/o
A
Pharynx
20
Q
Pleur/o
A
Pleura
21
Q
Pneum/o
A
Lung, air
22
Q
Pneumon/o
A
Lung, air
23
Q
Pulmon/o
A
Lung
24
Q
Rhin/o
A
Nose
25
Sept/o
Wall
26
Sinus/o
Sinus
27
Somn/o
Sleep
28
Spir/o
Breathing
29
Trache/o
Trachea
30
Tuss/o
Cough
31
-capnia
Carbon dioxide
32
-osmia
Smell
33
-phonia
Voice
34
-phylaxis
Protection
35
-pnea
Breathing
36
-ptysis
Spitting
37
-thorax
Chest
38
Pharynx
Throat; connects nasal cavity and trachea;
Divided into three sections:
nasopharynx,
oropharynx,
laryngopharynx
39
Larynx
Voicebox, located just below pharynx
40
Trachea
Wind pipe; conducts air from larynx to main bronchi
41
Three parts of respiration
Ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration
42
Ventilation
The flow of air between outside environment and lungs
43
External respiration
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the lungs
44
Internal respiration
Process of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at cellular level: oxygen leaves bloodstream > delivered to tissues 
45
Nares
External openings of nose that open into nasal cavity
46
Mucous membrane
Lines body passages that open directly to exterior of body
47
Cilia
Small hairs that line much of respiratory system, filter out, large dirt particles
48
Paranasal sinuses
Air-filled cavities in facial bones, echo chamber during sound production
49
6 Parts of Respiratory System
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
50
Palatine Tonsils
Tonsils located in lateral wall of pharynx close to mouth
51
Tonsil function
Help keep pathogens from entering the body through either air breathed or food or liquid swallowed
52
Where are palatine and lingual tonsils located?
In the oropharynx, behind mouth
53
Where are adenoids and pharyngeal tonsils located?
In the nasopharynx, behind the nose
54
Where is Eustachian/auditory tube located?
Nasopharynx
55
Larynx
Voice box, located between pharynx and trachea
56
Epiglottis
Flap of cartilaginous tissue, sitting above glottis, protects against food/liquid being inhaled
57
What forms Adam’s Apple?
Thyroid cartilage, located in larynx
58
Trachea
Windpipe, between pharynx/larynx and main bronchi, cleanses, warms and moisturizes air as it travels to lungs
59
Bronchial Tubes
Distal ends of trachea, divide into L/R Primary bronchi, which then enter lungs
60
Bronchioles
Narrowest air tubes in lungs, each terminates in alveoli
61
Respiratory membrane
Where walls of alveoli are tightly encased by pulmonary capillaries
62
Lungs consist of what 3 things?
Bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
63
Double membrane surrounding lungs?
Pleura
64
Sac around each lung formed by pleural membrane?
Pleural cavity
65
Liquid between parietal and visceral layers of pleura?
Serous fluid
66
How many lobes in each lung?
R - 3 - upper/middle/lower
L - 2 - upper/lower
67
Pointed superior portion of lung?
Apex
68
Broad lower area of lung?
Base
69
Area between R and L lung?
Mediastinum
70
What 5 organs are contained in mediastinum?
Heart, aorta, esophagus, thymus gland, trachea
71
Diaphragm
Muscle of inspiration, separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
72
Intercostal Muscles
Assist in inhalation by raising rib cage to enlarge thoracic cavity.
73
4 Vital Signs
Respiratory Rate,
Heart Rate,
Temperature,
Blood Pressure
74
What regulates respiratory rate?
Level of CO2 in blood;
High CO2 = more rapid breathing
Low CO2 = resp rate drops
75
Pertaining to alveoli
Alveolar
76
Pertaining to bronchus
Bronchial
77
Pertaining to bronchiole
Bronchiolar
78
Pertaining to diaphragm
Diaphragmatic
79
Pertaining to epiglottis
Epiglottic
80
Pertaining to larynx
Laryngeal
81
Pertaining to a lobe (of lung)
Lobar
82
Pertaining to mucus
Mucous
83
Pertaining to nose
Nasal
84
Pertaining to nose and pharynx
Nasopharyngeal
85
Pertaining to beside the nose
Paranasal
86
Pertaining to pharynx
Pharyngeal
87
Pertaining to pleura
Pleural
88
Pertaining to lung
Pulmonary
89
Pertaining to wall
Septal
90
Pertaining to chest
Thoracic
91
Pertaining trachea
Tracheal
92
Otorhinolaryngology
ENT medicine
93
Anosmia
No smell
94
Anoxia
Receive almost no air from inhaled oxygen
95
Aphonia
Unable to produce sounds
96
Apnea
Not breathing
97
Asphyxia
Lack of oxygen that can lead to unconsciousness or death
98
Aspiration
Withdrawing fluid from body cavity using suction
99
Bradypnea
Low respiratory Rate
100
Bronchiectasis
Dilated bronchus
101
Cheyne- Stokes respiration
Long period of apnea followed by deeper rapid breathing
102
Clubbing
Abnormal widening/thickening of ends of phalanges due to chronic oxygen deficiency
103
Crackles
Sounds during inspiration, indicates presence of fluid/mucus in airways (aka rales)
104
Cyanosis
Bluish skin tint due to insufficient oxygen
105
Dysphonia
Difficulty producing sounds/abnormal sounds
106
Dyspnea
Difficult breatging
107
Epistaxis
Nosebleed
108
Eupnea
Normal breathing
109
Hemoptysis
Cough up blood/blood stained sputum
110
Hemothorax
Blood in chest cavity
111
Hypercapnia
Excess CO2 in body
112
Hyperpnea
Taking deep breathes
113
Hyperventilation
Tachypnea or Hyperpnea
114
Hypocapnia
Insufficient CO2 in body
115
Hypopnea
Shallow breathing
116
Hypoventilation
Breathing too slowly or too shallow
117
Hypoxemia
Insufficient oxygen in blood
118
Hypoxia
Insufficient oxygen from inhaled air
119
Laryngoplegia
Paralysis of laryngeal muscles
120
Orthopnea
Dyspnea worsened by lying flat
121
Pansinusitis
Inflammation of all sinuses
122
Patent
Unblocked/open
123
Pleural rub
Sounds when two pleural layers rub together
124
Pleurodynia
Pleural pain
125
Pyothorax
Pus in chest cavity
126
Rhinitis
Inflammation of nasal cavity
127
Rhinorrhagia
Rapid flow of blood from nose
128
Rhinorrhea
Discharge from nose
129
Rhonci
Musical sound during inspiration
130
Shortness of Breath
Dyspnea
131
Sputum
Mucus/phlegm coughed up from lining of respiratory tract
132
Stridor
Harsh/high-pitched/noisy sound breathing when have obstruction of bronchus or larynx (ex croup)
133
Tachypnea
Breathing fast
134
Thoracalgia
Chest pain
135
Tracheostenosis
Narrowing of trachea
136
Croup
Infants/children w barking cough/stridor
137
Diphtheria
Bacterial upper respiratory infection; thick membranous film across throat
138
Nasopharyngitis
Inflammation of nasal cavity and pharynx, common cold
139
Pertussis
Infectious bacterial disease of upper respiratory system, whooping cough
140
Rhinomycosis
Fungal infection of nasal cavity
141
Bronchiectasis
Abnormal enlargement of bronchi
142
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Malignant tumor originating in bronchi
143
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Acute respiratory failure, tachypnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia, aka acute respiratory distress syndrome
144
Anthracosis
Type of pneumoconiosis develops from collection of coal dust in lungs, a.k.a. black lung/miner’s lung
145
Asbestosis
Pneumoconiosis develops from collection of asbestos fibers in lungs, could develop into lung cancer
146
Atelectasis
Alveoli and part of lung collapse, prevents respiratory exchange
147
Chronic obstructive, pulmonary disease, COPD
Progressive chronic, and usually irreversible group of conditions where lungs have diminished capacity
148
Cystic fibrosis
thick mucus, severe congestion within lungs, pancreas, and intestine
149
Emphysema
Pulmonary condition, walls of alveoli are destroyed
150
Histoplasmosis
Pulmonary infection caused by fungus found in dust
151
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
Lung condition in premature infants, tachypnea and respiratory grunting,
a.k.a. hyaline membrane disease
152
Legionnaires’ disease
Severe, fatal bacterial infection - pneumonia and liver/kidney damage
153
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Viral respiratory illness, fever, cough, shortness of breath
154
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Walking pneumonia, less severe but longer lasting form of pneumonia
155
Pneumoconiosis
Condition from inhalation of environmental particles that are toxic
156
Pneumonia
 Inflammatory condition of lung, filling of alveoli and air spaces with fluid
157
Pulmonary edema
Lung tissue retains excessive amount of fluid, especially in Alveoli, results in dyspnea
158
Pulmonary embolism
Obstruction of pulmonary artery by embolus
159
Pulmonary fibrosis
Formation of fibrous, scar tissue in lungs, decreased ability to expand lungs
160
Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS
Acute viral respiratory infection, begins like flu, but quickly progresses to severe dyspnea
161
Silicosis
 Type of pneumoconiosis that develops from inhalation of silica/quartz dust
162
Sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS
Unexplained, unexpected death of apparently well infant under one year of age
163
Tuberculosis
 Infectious disease caused by bacteria
164
Empyema
Pus within pleural space, usually bacterial infection
165
Pleural effusion
 Abnormal accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity, prevents lungs from fully expanding
166
Pleurisy
Inflammation of pleura characterized by sharp chest pain with each breath
167
Pneumothorax
Collection of air or gas in pleural cavity
168
Clinical lab tests for respiratory system
Arterial blood gases,
sputum culture and sensitivity,
sputum cytology
169
Diagnostic imaging for respiratory system
Bronchogram
Chest x-ray
Pulmonary angiography
Ventilation perfusion scan
170
Endoscopic procedures for respiratory system
Bronchoscopy
Laryngoscopy
171
Pulmonary function tests for respiratory system
Oximetry
Pulmonary function test
Spirometry
172
Additional diagnostic procedures for respiratory system
 Polysomnography
Sweat test
Tuberculin skin test
173
Respiratory therapies:
Aerosol therapy
Continuous positive airway pressure, CPAP
Endotracheal intubation
Nasal cannula
Postural drainage
Supplemental oxygen therapy
Ventilator
174
Surgical procedures for respiratory system
Bronchoplasty
Laryngectomy
Laryngoplasty
Lobectomy
Pleurectomy
Pleurocentesis
Pneumonectomy
Rhinoplasty
Thoracentesis
Thoracostomy
Thoracotomy
Tracheotomy
175
Additional procedures for respiratory system
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR
Heimlich maneuver
Percussion
176
Pharmacology for respiratory system
 Antitussive – relieves urge to cough
Corticosteroids – reduces inflammation and swelling in respiratory tract
Mucolytic – liquefies mucus
177
Abbreviations for respiratory system
ABGs –
arterial blood gases
ARDS –
adult respiratory distress syndrome
Bronch-
Bronchoscopy
CF -
Cystic fibrosis
CPAP -
Chronic positive airway pressure
CTA -
Clear to auscultation
CXR -
Chest x-ray
DOE -
Dyspnea on exertion
DPT -
Diphtheria pertussis tetanus injection
ERV -
Expiratory reserve volume
FRC -
Functional residual capacity
HMD -
Hyaline membrane disease
IC -
Inspiratory capacity
IPPB -
Intermittent positive pressure breathing
IRDS -
Infant respiratory distress syndrome
IRV -
Inspiratory reserve volume
LLL/LUL -
Left lower lobe/left upper lobe
MDI -
Metered-dose inhaler
MERS -
Middle east respiratory syndrome
PE -
Pulmonary embolism
PFT -
Pulmonary function test
PPD -
Purified protein derivative
R -
Respiration
RA -
Room air
RDS -
Respiratory distress syndrome
RLL/RUL -
Right lower lobe/right middle lobe
RRT -
Registered respiratory therapist
SARs -
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
TLC -
Total lung capacity
TPR -
Temperature pulse and respiration
TV -
Tidal volume
URI -
Upper respiratory
VC -
Vital capacity
VS -
Vital signs
