Unit 3 Concept 4 and 5 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Photosynthesis
The overall process by which sunlight, water and carbon dioxide
are chemically converted into chemical energy stored in glucose
Grana
Stacks of thylakoid membrane in the chloroplast.
Stroma
The fluid part of the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll
The pigment in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts that allows plants to capture sunlight.
Photosystems
Clusters of chlorophyll and proteins that trap energy from the
sun.
Electron carriers
Molecules that carry electrons in order to pass on their energy.
Chemosynthesis
The process some producers use to make food from
chemicals.
Stomata
The pores on the underside of a leaf where CO2 enters, O2 and excess water exit
Photorespiration
When CO2 levels drop and O2 increases, causing oxygen to be added to the Calvin Cycle rather than carbon dioxide, resulting in no sugar made.
Summarize where all energy on Earth comes from and the overall process it goes through to be in a usable form of ATP for consumers like us.
For most life on earth, the ultimate source of energy is the sun.
* Consumers cannot capture sunlight, but plants can since they have chlorophyll.
* Plants use photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy in glucose.
* Consumers eat glucose and other macromolecules. Cellular respiration breaks down the glucose to store the energy in a usable form, called ATP.
Chemical formula/equation for Photosynthsis
6CO2 + 6H2O»_space;> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Describe what the chemical equation is for photosynthesis
6 carbon dioxides react with 6 waters to make (with sunlight) 1 glucose and 6 oxygen molecules
Explain why plants are green
Plants have chloroplasts in their cells filled with chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs every color of sunlight except for green, and thus reflects it.
- List the significant events of the light-dependent reaction
Light energy from the sun is captured and stored in ATP and NADPH.
* Water is broken apart.
* Oxygen is released as waste.
* ATP, NADPH, and H+ move on to next stage.
* Occurs in the grana/thylakoid membrane.
List the significant events of the light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)
Energy stored in ATP and NADPH is used to make glucose.
* Carbon dioxide is used.
* Glucose is made from 1 G3P. The other G3P converts
back to a 5-C RuBP to be used again in the Calvin Cycle. * Occurs in the stroma.
Explain the alternate pathways some plants, like cacti and corn, will take to access energy.
Cacti and pineapples will do CAM, where they open their stomata at night and close them during the day to retain water.
* Corn and sugar cane will do C4, where they partially close their stomata during the hottest part of the day to retain water.
Describe three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Light intensity
- Excites more e- causing light reactions to happen faster
* Amount of CO2
- More ingredients to work with and process through cycle
* Temperature
- Increased temperature accelerates chemical reactions to a degree
Cellular respiritation
The overall process by which glucose is chemically
converted into usable chemical energy in the form of ATP
Inner membrane
The folded membrane within the mitochondria.
Matrix
The fluid that fills the mitochondria.
Aerobic
With oxygen
Anerobic
Without Oxygen
Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration
Summarize the overall goal of cellular respiration and why the process is necessary for consumers, like us.
The goal is to convert chemical energy stored in the foods we eat into a usable form that our cells can directly use, called ATP.
* This is necessary because we are unable to capture sunlight and make food ourselves, and we cannot use glucose directly for energy.
