Unit 3 Lesson 8: Describing the Flow of Energy Flashcards
photosynthesis
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy
What happens during the light-dependent stage
The light-dependent stage is a series of reactions that require light energy, captured by the light-absorbing pigment of chlorophyll, to be converted into chemical energy. The chemical energy produced fuels the assembly of sugar molecules, like glucose, in the light-independent reaction.
Formula of photosynthesis:
In the chemical formula, the equation looks like this:
6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy →C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The written equation for photosynthesis is:
carbon dioxide + water + radiant energy → glucose + oxygen
Cellular respiration is the process in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell. what is this energy called
This energy is known as ATP or adenosine triphosphate.
adenosine triphosphate
Energy-carrying biological molecule that drives cellular activities when broken down
Photosynthesis is a two-part process. What are the 2 parts
Photosynthesis is a two-part process which includes a light-dependent stage and a light-independent stage.
Where does cellular respiration take place in prokaryotic cells
Cellular respiration takes in the cytoplasm and cell membranes in prokaryotic cells due to the lack of membrane-bound organelles.
cellular respiration
Catabolic pathway in which organic molecules are broken down to release energy (ATP-adenosine triphosphate) for use by the cell
prokaryotic
A cell without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles
Where oes cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells
In eukaryotic cells, this process mainly takes place in the mitochondria.
eukaryotic
A cell with membrane-bound nucleus and organelles; is generally larger and more complex
mitochondria
Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell
What does celular respiration look like in eukaryotic cells
In eukaryotic cells, glucose is broken down into two 3-carbon molecules in the cytoplasm which releases a small amount of energy. These molecules are moved into the mitochondria. The 3-carbon molecules are broken down and energy is captured and stored into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Formula of cellular respiration
In the chemical formula, the equation looks like this:
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 →6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
The written equation for cellular respiration is:
glucose + water→ carbon dioxide + water +ATP
What happens in anaerobic respiration
In anaerobic respiration, glucose breaks down without oxygen and produces energy.
What happens during anaerobic respiration
The chemical reaction transfers energy from glucose to the cell and is known as fermentation.
There are two types of fermentation:
lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
In plants and yeast, alcoholic fermentation produces
ethanol and carbon dioxide. This is what causes bread to rise or turns grape juice into wine.
What does anaerobic respiration produce in humans
In humans, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid through lactic acid fermentation.
When you need a large amount of energy quickly, such as when you’re running sprints, your body may not have enough oxygen to make enough energy through aerobic respiration. When this happens, lactic acid is produced through
anaerobic respiration.
Explain how cells take in energy for cell functions and processes.
Cells will either use the sun for energy during photosynthesis or obtain energy from food.
Explain the differences in fermentation during anaerobic respiration.
Lactic acid fermentation is used in humans when a large amount of energy is needed quickly and can create sore or painful muscles. Alcoholic fermentation is used in plants and yeast. This fermentation can cause bread to rise or turn grape juice into wine.
What is the organelle found in plants and animals that is the site of cellular respiration?
The organelle that is the site of cellular respiration in plants and animals is the mitochondria.
Explain the differences in cellular respiration in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
In prokaryotic cells, this process takes place in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm since prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles. In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration starts in the cytoplasm and then finishes the process in the mitochondria.
