Unit 3 Lesson 2: Cycling of Matter and Energy

Question 1

matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Role of matter

Answer 2

r. Matter fuels the chemical reactions that provide energy for the processes of life and provides the material for growth and repair of cells and tissues

Question 2

Organisms are classified as either ? or ? depending on how they obtain this matter and chemical energy (food) from their environment.

Answer 2

Organisms are classified as either autotrophs or heterotrophs depending on how they obtain this matter and chemical energy (food) from their environment.

Question 2

What must be present to move matter

Answer 2

In order to move matter, energy needs to be present. Both matter and energy can be cycled through ecosystems.

Question 3

Matter is anything that takes up space, has mass, and follows the law of conservation of mass. What is that

Answer 3

. This law states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, it is simply changed from one form to another.

Question 4

What is true about the matter on Earth billions of years ago

Answer 4

s. The same matter that has sustained life on Earth for billions of years is the same matter that exists now, just in a different form.

Question 5

Organisms that produce their own food, such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, are called

Answer 5

autotrophs

Question 6

autotroph

Answer 6

an organism that captures energy to produce its own food and provide the foundation of the food supply for other organisms

Question 7

What kind of process is photocynthesis

Answer 7

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process.

Question 7

Organisms like plants use energy from light and convert it into chemical energy in a process known as

Answer 7

photosynthesis

Question 8

1.

anabolic

Answer 8

a type of process that requires energy to build up large molecules from smaller ones

Question 9

Photosynthesis is an anabolic process. What does that mean?

Answer 9

This means that it uses energy to build large molecules, sugar, from smaller ones, CO2 and H20.

Question 10

Bacteria living on the seafloor or inside of animals cannot use the energy of the sun, so how do they make food?

Answer 10

Bacteria living on the seafloor or inside of animals cannot use the energy of the sun, so they use energy stored in the chemical bonds of nearby chemicals to make food.

Question 11

Why are plants and bacteria considerede autorophs?

Answer 11

Both types of organisms are considered autotrophs because they can transform different types of energy into chemical energy stored in the form of nutrients (glucose or other carbohydrates). These nutrients are commonly referred to as food.

Question 12

Why do Autotrophs form the lowest level in an ecosystem

Answer 12

Autotrophs form the lowest level in an ecosystem because they make the food for all other organisms

Question 13

They are the organisms that create food, not consume it. Autotrophs are also known as

Answer 13

producers

Question 14

producer

Answer 14

an organism that produces its own food

Question 15

heterotroph

Answer 15

an organism that cannot make its own food and receives its nutrients and energy by feeding on other organisms. organisms that consume other organisms in order to gain nutrients and food.

Question 16

Heterotrophs are organisms that consume other organisms in order to gain nutrients and food. They are also known as

Answer 16

consumers

Question 17

Carnivores

Answer 17

Carnivores, such as lions, are consumers that prey on other animals.

Question 17

herbivore

Answer 17

An herbivore is a consumer that only eats plants. Cows and grasshoppers are examples of herbivores

Question 18

consumer

Answer 18

an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter

Question 19

s. Consumers that eat both plants and animals are known as

Answer 19

as omnivores. Most humans are omnivores.

Question 20

1.

Heterotrophs and all other living organisms convert oxygen and sugar into energy during

Answer 20

Cellular respiration

Question 21

cellular respiration

Answer 21

a process that converts oxygen and sugar into chemical energy and carbon dioxide

Question 22

Cellular respiration is a catabolic process. What does this mean

Answer 22

This means that it releases energy and is used to break down larger molecules into smaller ones.

Question 23

catabolic

Answer 23

a type of pathway that releases energy and is used to break down large molecules into smaller ones

Question 24

There are two types of cellular respiration. What are they

Answer 24

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and anaerobic respiration does not.

Question 25

How much energy does aerobic respiration produce

Answer 25

Aerobic respiration can produce a large amount of energy.

Question 26

How much energy do anaerobic respiration produce

Answer 26

Anaerobic respiration produces a smaller amount of energy. The process of fermentation for making foods such as bread and sauerkraut is anaerobic.

Question 27

Another group of organisms breaks down organic compounds and recycle matter back into the ecosystem. What are detritivores

Answer 27

a heterotroph that decomposes organic material and returns the nutrients to the soil, air, and water; such as earthworms, feed on dead organic matter and contribute to decomposition and nutrient cycles

Question 28

decomposer

Answer 28

an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal waste; Decomposers break down dead or decaying organisms. Examples of decomposers include fungi and bacteria.

Question 29

The flow of energy in an ecosystem can be modeled using either a ? or ?

Answer 29

The flow of energy in an ecosystem can be modeled using either a food chain or food web.

Question 30

Each level in a food chain or food web is known as a

Answer 30

trophic level

Question 31

What is the frist level in every ecosystem

Answer 31

The first trophic level in every ecosystem is autotrophs that produce their own food. They provide the food for the rest of the food chain or food web to break down into energy.

Question 32

What is afther the autorophs level

Answer 32

Each level after that are heterotrophs, also known as consumers, that get their energy from the previous level.

Question 33

What are food chains

Answer 33

Food chains are simple models that show the flow of energy (in the form of food) from one organism to another. Arrows represent how energy flows through the system.

Question 34

primary consumer

Answer 34

only eat autotrophs, or plants

Question 35

secondary consumer

Answer 35

any organsim that consumes or feeds largely on primary consumers, as well as autotrophs, plant eaters.

Question 36

tertiary-consumer

Answer 36

organsim capable of feeding on secondary consumers and primary consumers

Question 37

Not all energy from food is used by the organism that eats it. Elaboarte

Answer 37

Part of it will go towards growth and maintenance of the body. Some of the energy will be used to move and reproduce. The food will be broken down, which will release some energy in the form of heat, which cannot be used by any other organisms. The rest of the food will be waste.

Question 38

Food webs

Answer 38

a model that shows many interconnected pathways through which energy and matter flow through an ecosystem; more informative than a food chain

Question 39

What happens during fermentation

Answer 39

In fermentation, organic compounds such as sugars are still broken down to form carbon dioxide, although the end product here is alcohol.

Question 40

Fermentation is a process most commonly carried out by yeast. How does this happen

Answer 40

The carbon dioxide produced in the process is what makes most breads rise.

Question 41

The alcohol in beer, wine, and spirits is also produced

Answer 41

fermentation

Question 42

Why does fermentation produce so little energy

Answer 42

Because it does not use oxygen, fermentation produces far less energy than aerobic respiration.

Question 43

methanogens, use hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce methane and water. How can this methane be used.

Answer 43

The methane that is produced can be used by organisms that perform aerobic respiration. They would take in methane and oxygen and produce carbon dioxide and water. In these processes, atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen cycle through many different organisms as they are used to produce and/or store energy.

Question 44

Other living things find different ways to produce energy. How does the bacteria methanogens produce enrgy

Answer 44

methanogens, use hydrogen and carbon dioxide to produce methane and water. This reaction produces very little energy, but it allows these bacteria to survive in environments in which other organisms cannot, including deep in the sea, and even inside the stomachs of animals such as cows and sheep.

Question 45

What is the process by which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy?

Answer 45

The process by which autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy is called photosynthesis.

Question 46

Contrast the ways autotrophs and heterotrophs make energy.

Answer 46

Autotrophs use matter and energy from their environment to make food (stored chemical energy), which is later broken down into useable energy. Heterotrophs must consume other organisms in order to gain its stored chemical energy and nutrients.

Question 47

How do methanogens produce energy?

Answer 47

Methanogens produce energy through anaerobic respiration. They use carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane and water.

Question 48

Describe how the law of conservation of mass relates to the flow of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

Answer 48

The law of conservation of mass states that matter is not created or destroyed. Matter is cycled through an ecosystem as organisms are consumed or decomposed.

Question 49

How are energy and matter similar?

Answer 49

Matter and energy flow throughout an ecosystem. Energy is needed for matter to change forms. Energy is essentially a property of matter.

Question 50

How does energy flow through an ecosystem?

Answer 50

Energy producers change light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose. This energy is then transferred to other organisms, such as the animals that eat the plants in the ecosystem.

Question 51

How are herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores the same? How are they different?

Answer 51

They are all consumers; they cannot produce their own food and need to consume it. Herbivores only eat plants and other autotrophs, carnivores only eat other consumers, and omnivores eat both autotrophs and consumers.

Question 52

How does matter cycle through an ecosystem?

Answer 52

Matter cycles through an ecosystem as elements are transferred back and forth from organisms and their environments.

Question 53

Joseph states that there would be fewer producers if the sun began to produce less energy. Is Joseph correct? If so, how can his reasoning be stronger? If not, how can you correct his reasoning?

Answer 53

Joseph is correct. He can strengthen his reasoning by adding that consumers would have less producers to eat, which would impact the rest of the organisms that depend on the consumers.

Question 54

Antonella wants to diagram a model of the flow of energy in a desert ecosystem. Will Antonella need to use a food chain or food web for the most accurate representation? Support your answer.

Answer 54

Antonella will want to use a food web to diagram the most accurate flow of energy in a desert ecosystem. Using a food web will more accurately show the interconnectedness of the ecosystem and how the same species can take up different roles in different food chains. It will provide a deeper look into the diversity of organisms in the desert and how they interact to meet their needs.

Question 55

microorganism

Answer 55

tiny living thing too small to be seen by the naked eye

Question 56

How many cells do microorganisms have

Answer 56

Most are single-celled, but some have two or more cells.

Question 57

All microorganisms are grouped within six categories:

Answer 57

bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, algae, and viruses.

Question 58

What are considered the oldest creatures on Earth

Answer 58

Microorganisms are the oldest creatures on Earth—they have existed for over three billion years—and they are very diverse.

Question 59

How many Microorganims may be on Earth

Answer 59

In fact, there may actually be trillions of different microorganism species on Earth.

Question 60

What environments do microorganisms live in

Answer 60

Microorganisms can live in a huge range of environments, including those that are hostile to other forms of life. For example, some microorganisms can live in ice; others survive in high radiation, or in extreme heat, or even in the vacuum of space.

Question 61

Is Plankton a microorganism

Answer 61

. Plankton, which serve as the bottom of the food chain in the ocean, are all microorganisms.

Question 62

What are microorganisms responsible for

Answer 62

Microorganisms are responsible for many of the processes we see, feel, or experience in our own bodies and in the world around us. . They help to keep us healthy—and cause many of our deadliest diseases. They help to create the soil that grows the plants we need to breathe and eat, but they also cause plants to rot and mildew. They provide the food for marine life, but also cause a range of problems for plants and animals of the sea.

Question 63

Do microorganisms require food, water, a way to dispose of waste, and an appropriate environment for their needs.

Answer 63

ust like larger organisms, microorganisms require food, water, a way to dispose of waste, and an appropriate environment for their needs.

Question 64

Bacteria, which are some of the smallest and simplest microorganisms, live in virtually every environment on Earth including the inside of the human body. How many microorganisms are in the human body

Answer 64

In fact, each human body contains approximately 40 trillion bacteria, representing hundreds of bacterial species.

Question 65

Where do most bacteria live in the body

Answer 65

Most live in the intestines, but there are bacteria throughout your body.

Question 66

What good do bacteria do to the body

Answer 66

In most cases, bacteria perform valuable services, helping to reduce inflammation, improve digestion, and fight infection.

Question 67

What bad does bacteria do to the body

Answer 67

Bacteria can also, however, cause serious or even fatal disease, infections, or other problems in the body.

Question 68

Bacteria are also critically important to the soil. In what way

Answer 68

Their function is to feed on and break down dead plants and other organic matter, creating fertile soil for the next generation of plants

Question 69

What impact does bacteria have on the nitrogen cycle

Answer 69

Bacteria also make possible the nitrogen cycle, the circulation of nitrogen that is important for fertile soil and breathable air.

Question 70

Archaea are the most recently-discovered type of microorganism. Where can Archaea exsit

Answer 70

About the size of bacteria, they can exist in extremely challenging environments such as hot springs and salt lakes, but they also exist in the soil and in the bodies of animals and human beings.

Question 71

How is Archaea differnet and similar to bacteria

Answer 71

Like bacteria, they play an important role in human health and in the soil, but archaea are physically and genetically different from other microorganisms.

Question 72

What are examples of Microfungi

Answer 72

Microfungi are tiny mushrooms, molds, and yeasts.

Question 73

What is difference between the cells of Microfungi and bacteria and archaea

Answer 73

Unlike bacteria and archaea, the cells of microfungi do have nuclei.

Question 74

What lead to the discovery of Penicillin, a mold-based antibiotic

Answer 74

Molding bread containing microfungi led to the discovery of Penicillin, a mold-based antibiotic.

Question 75

Fungi have many different roles in the environment, including:

Answer 75

* Fermentation * Making of foods such as cheese and bread * Decomposition of organic matter * Release of oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus into the air and soil

Question 76

What are Protozoa

Answer 76

Protozoa are single celled organisms with nuclei that eat organic tissues and debris.

Question 77

How is the behavior of Protozoa different from the behavior of other microorganisms

Answer 77

They behave more like animals than other microorganisms because they can move around and behave like predators.

Question 78

Importance of Protozoa

Answer 78

Protozoa are an important food source for tiny micro-invertebrates which, in turn, provide food to larger organisms.

Question 79

What is Algae another word for

Answer 79

Algae is another word for seaweed, and most algae live in bodies of water.

Question 80

What shapes and sizes doalgae come in

Answer 80

While there are enormous algae, such as sea kelp, single-celled green and brown algae are a part of most aquatic ecosystems.

Question 81

What is the role of Algae

Answer 81

Algae play a role in fertilizing soil, decreasing pollution, and providing nutrition for animals and human beings.

Question 82

What are viruses

Answer 82

Viruses are tiny infectious agents that cause disease in every type of animal, plant, and microorganism.

Question 83

How many types of visues exist and how many of those viruses are understood

Answer 83

There are millions of different types of viruses, but only about 5,000 are well understood.

Question 84

Where do visures exsit

Answer 84

Viruses exist in every ecosystem on the planet and only reproduce when they are inside another organism’s cell

Question 85

What positive roles do bacteria play in the human body?

Answer 85

Bacteria support digestion, reduce inflammation, and fight infection.

Question 86

Microfungi include viruses, bacteria, and archaea. Is the statement true or false?

Answer 86

falase, Microfungi include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Microfungi differ from other microorganisms in that they are part of the Kingdom Fungi, have tube tip-growth, and have cell walls made of a substance called chitin.

Question 87

Explain why we have only known about the importance of microorganisms for a relatively short period of time.

Answer 87

Microorganisms are so small that they can only be seen by microscopes which were invented just a few hundred years ago.